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Prebiotics and Community Composition Influence Gas Production of the Human Gut Microbiota.
mBio ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-08 , DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00217-20
Xiaoqian Yu 1, 2, 3 , Thomas Gurry 2, 3, 4 , Le Thanh Tu Nguyen 2, 3 , Hunter S Richardson 2 , Eric J Alm 3, 5, 6
Affiliation  

Prebiotics confer benefits to human health, often by promoting the growth of gut bacteria that produce metabolites valuable to the human body, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). While prebiotic selection has strongly focused on maximizing the production of SCFAs, less attention has been paid to gases, a by-product of SCFA production that also has physiological effects on the human body. Here, we investigate how the content and volume of gas production by human gut microbiota are affected by the chemical composition of the prebiotic and the community composition of the microbiota. We first constructed a linear system model based on mass and electron balance and compared the theoretical product ranges of two prebiotics, inulin and pectin. Modeling shows that pectin is more restricted in product space, with less potential for H2 but more potential for CO2 production. An ex vivo experimental system showed pectin degradation produced significantly less H2 than inulin, but CO2 production fell outside the theoretical product range, suggesting fermentation of fecal debris. Microbial community composition also impacted results: methane production was dependent on the presence of Methanobacteria, while interindividual differences in H2 production during inulin degradation were driven by a Lachnospiraceae taxon. Overall, these results suggest that both the chemistry of the prebiotic and the composition of the microbiota are relevant to gas production. Metabolic processes that are relatively prevalent in the microbiome, such as H2 production, will depend more on substrate, while rare metabolisms such as methanogenesis depend more strongly on microbiome composition.

中文翻译:

益生元和群落组成影响人类肠道菌群的产气量。

益生元通常通过促进肠道细菌的生长来赋予人体健康,肠道细菌会产生对人体有价值的代谢产物,例如短链脂肪酸(SCFA)。虽然益生元的选择一直集中在最大化SCFA的产生上,但对气体的关注却很少,气体是SCFA产生的副产物,对人体也有生理作用。在这里,我们研究了益生元的化学成分和微生物群落组成如何影响人类肠道微生物产生的气体的含量和体积。我们首先基于质量和电子平衡构建了线性系统模型,然后比较了两种益生元菊粉和果胶的理论产品范围。建模表明,果胶在产品空间中受到的限制更大,H的潜力较小2,但生产CO 2的潜力更大。一个离体显示果胶降解实验系统显著较少产生ħ 2不是菊糖,但CO 2产量下降外理论的产品范围,这表明排泄物碎屑的发酵。微生物群落组成也会影响结果:甲烷产生取决于甲烷的存在,而菊粉降解过程中H 2产生的个体间差异是由斜纹藻科驱动的分类单元。总体而言,这些结果表明,益生元的化学性质和微生物群的组成均与产气有关。在微生物组中相对普遍的代谢过程(例如H 2的产生)将更多地依赖于底物,而罕见的代谢(例如甲烷生成)则更强烈地依赖于微生物组的组成。
更新日期:2020-10-28
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