Mitophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process involving the autophagic targeting and clearance of mitochondria destined for removal. Recent insights into the complex nature of the overlapping pathways regulating mitophagy illustrate mitophagy’s essential role in maintaining the health of the mitochondrial network. In this review, we highlight recent studies that have changed the way mitophagy is understood, from initiation through lysosomal degradation. We outline the numerous mitophagic receptors and triggers, with a focus on basal and physiologically relevant cues, offering insight into why they lead to mitochondrial removal. We also explore how mitophagy maintains mitochondrial homeostasis at the organ and system levels and how a loss of mitophagy may play a role in a diverse group of diseases, including cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. With disrupted mitophagy affecting such a wide array of physiological processes, a deeper understanding of how to modulate mitophagy could provide avenues for numerous therapies.

中文翻译：

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健康和疾病中的线粒体自噬途径

线粒体自噬是一个进化上保守的过程，涉及自噬靶向和清除注定要去除的线粒体。最近对调节线粒体自噬的重叠途径的复杂性的深入了解说明了线粒体自噬在维持线粒体网络健康中的重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了最近的研究，这些研究改变了线粒体自噬从起始到溶酶体降解的理解方式。我们概述了众多的线粒体自噬受体和触发器，重点关注基础和生理相关线索，深入了解它们为何导致线粒体去除。我们还探讨了线粒体自噬如何在器官和系统水平上维持线粒体稳态，以及线粒体自噬的丧失如何在心血管、代谢和神经退行性疾病等多种疾病中发挥作用。由于线粒体自噬受到破坏会影响如此广泛的生理过程，因此更深入地了解如何调节线粒体自噬可以为多种治疗提供途径。