Chronic pain is a common and costly condition, and some people with chronic pain engage in problematic opioid use. There is a critical need to identify factors underlying this co-occurrence, so that treatment can be targeted to improve outcomes. We propose that difficulty with emotion regulation (ER) is a transdiagnostic factor that underlies the co-occurrence of chronic pain and problematic opioid use (CP-POU). In this narrative review, we draw from prominent models of ER to summarize the literature characterizing ER in chronic pain and CP-POU. We conclude that chronic pain is associated with various ER difficulties, including emotion identification and the up- and down-regulation of both positive and negative emotion. Little research has examined ER specifically in CP-POU; however, initial evidence suggests CP-POU is characterized by difficulties with ER that are similar to those found in chronic pain more generally. There is great potential to expand the treatment of ER to improve pain-related outcomes in chronic pain and CP-POU. More research is needed, however, to elucidate ER in CP-POU and to determine which types of ER strategies are optimal for different clinical presentations and categories of problematic opioid use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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情绪调节作为共同发生的慢性疼痛和有问题的阿片类药物使用的潜在跨诊断因素。

慢性疼痛是一种常见且代价高昂的疾病，一些患有慢性疼痛的人会使用有问题的阿片类药物。迫切需要确定这种同时发生的潜在因素，以便可以有针对性地进行治疗以改善结果。我们认为情绪调节困难 (ER) 是一种跨诊断因素，是慢性疼痛和阿片类药物使用问题 (CP-POU) 共同发生的基础。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们借鉴了 ER 的突出模型，总结了在慢性疼痛和 CP-POU 中表征 ER 的文献。我们得出结论，慢性疼痛与各种 ER 困难有关，包括情绪识别以及积极和消极情绪的上调和下调。很少有研究专门研究 CP-POU 中的 ER。然而，初步证据表明 CP-POU 的特点是 ER 困难，这与更普遍的慢性疼痛中发现的困难相似。扩大 ER 的治疗以改善慢性疼痛和 CP-POU 的疼痛相关结果具有巨大潜力。然而，需要更多的研究来阐明 CP-POU 中的 ER 并确定哪种类型的 ER 策略最适合不同的临床表现和有问题的阿片类药物使用类别。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。阐明 CP-POU 中的 ER 并确定哪些类型的 ER 策略最适合不同的临床表现和有问题的阿片类药物使用类别。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。阐明 CP-POU 中的 ER 并确定哪些类型的 ER 策略最适合不同的临床表现和有问题的阿片类药物使用类别。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。