Aquatic organisms jumping for aerial prey require high-performance propulsion, accurate aim, and trajectory control to succeed. Archer fish, capable of jumping up to twice their body length out of the water, address these considerations through multifaceted fin and body kinematics. In this study, we utilized 3D synthetic aperture particle image velocimetry to visualize the wakes of archer fish throughout the jumping process. We found that multiple modes of interaction between the anal and caudal fins occur during jump behaviors. Time-resolved volumetric measurements presented herein illustrate the hydrodynamics of each interaction mode in detail. Additionally, regardless of which fin uses and interactions were exhibited during a jump, we found similar relationships between the cumulative impulse of multiple propulsive vortices in the wake and the instantaneous ballistic momentum of the fish. Our results suggests that fin use may compensate for variations in individual kinematic events and in the aiming posture assumed prior to jumping and highlight how interactions between tailbeats and other fins help the archer fish reach necessary prey heights in a spatially- and visually-constrained environment. In the broader context of bioinspired propulsion, the archer fish exemplifies that multiple beneficial hydrodynamic interactions can be generated in a high-performance scenario using a single set of actuators.

为空中猎物跳跃的水生生物需要高性能的推进力、准确的瞄准和轨迹控制才能成功。射手鱼能够跳出水面的长度达到其身体长度的两倍，通过多方面的鳍和身体运动学解决了这些问题。在这项研究中，我们利用 3D 合成孔径粒​​子图像测速法来可视化整个跳跃过程中弓箭鱼的尾迹。我们发现，在跳跃行为期间，肛鳍和尾鳍之间会发生多种相互作用模式。此处介绍的时间分辨体积测量详细说明了每种相互作用模式的流体动力学。此外，无论在跳跃过程中展示了哪种鳍使用和相互作用，我们发现尾流中多个推进涡的累积脉冲与鱼的瞬时弹道动量之间存在类似的关系。我们的结果表明，鳍的使用可以补偿个体运动学事件和跳跃前所采取的瞄准姿势的变化，并突出尾鳍和其他鳍之间的相互作用如何帮助射手鱼在空间和视觉受限的环境中达到必要的猎物高度。在生物启发推进的更广泛背景下，射手鱼举例说明了在高性能场景中可以使用一组执行器产生多种有益的流体动力学相互作用。我们的结果表明，鳍的使用可以补偿个体运动学事件和跳跃前所采取的瞄准姿势的变化，并突出尾鳍和其他鳍之间的相互作用如何帮助射手鱼在空间和视觉受限的环境中达到必要的猎物高度。在生物启发推进的更广泛背景下，射手鱼举例说明了在高性能场景中可以使用一组执行器产生多种有益的流体动力学相互作用。我们的结果表明，鳍的使用可以补偿个体运动学事件和跳跃前所采取的瞄准姿势的变化，并突出尾鳍和其他鳍之间的相互作用如何帮助射手鱼在空间和视觉受限的环境中达到必要的猎物高度。在生物启发推进的更广泛背景下，射手鱼举例说明了在高性能场景中可以使用一组执行器产生多种有益的流体动力学相互作用。