Although subsistence hunting is cross-culturally an activity led and practiced mostly by men, a rich body of literature shows that in many small-scale societies women also engage in hunting in varied and often inconspicuous ways. Using data collected among two contemporary forager-horticulturalist societies facing rapid change (the Tsimane’ of Bolivia and the Baka of Cameroon), we compare the technological and social characteristics of hunting trips led by women and men and analyze the specific socioeconomic characteristics that facilitate or constrain women’s engagement in hunting. Results from interviews on daily activities with 121 Tsimane’ (63 women and 58 men) and 159 Baka (83 women and 76 men) show that Tsimane’ and Baka women participate in subsistence hunting, albeit using different techniques and in different social contexts than men. We also found differences in the individual and household socioeconomic profiles of Tsimane’ and Baka women who hunt and those who do not hunt. Moreover, the characteristics that differentiate hunter and non-hunter women vary from one society to the other, suggesting that gender roles in relation to hunting are fluid and likely to change, not only across societies, but also as societies change.

中文翻译：

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“否则狩猎”：在两个当代觅食-园艺社会中的妇女狩猎。

尽管生存狩猎是一种跨文化的活动，主要是由男人领导和实践的，但丰富的文献资料表明，在许多小规模社会中，妇女也以各种各样且通常不起眼的方式从事狩猎。利用在两个面临迅速变化的当代饲草园艺社会（玻利维亚的Tsimane'和喀麦隆的Baka）中收集的数据，我们比较了由男性和女性领导的狩猎旅行的技术和社会特征，并分析了促进或限制妇女从事狩猎活动。对121名Tsimane'（63名女性和58名男性）和159名Baka（83名女性和76名男性）的日常活动进行的访谈结果显示，尽管Tsimane'和Baka妇女使用的技术不同，并且在与男性不同的社会背景下参加了生存狩猎。我们还发现，在Tsimane和Baka从事狩猎和不进行狩猎的妇女的个人和家庭社会经济特征上存在差异。此外，使猎人妇女和非猎人妇女区别的特征在一个社会与另一个社会之间是不同的，这表明与狩猎有关的性别角色是可变的，并且可能不仅在整个社会而且随着社会的变化而发生变化。