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Gender, Stereotypes, and Trust in Communication.
Human Nature ( IF 2.750 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s12110-020-09376-3
Eric Schniter 1, 2 , Timothy W Shields 1, 2
Affiliation  

Gender differences in dishonesty and mistrust have been reported across cultures and linked to stereotypes about females being more trustworthy and trusting. Here we focus on fundamental issues of trust-based communication that may be affected by gender: the decisions whether to honestly deliver private information and whether to trust that this delivered information is honest. Using laboratory experiments that model trust-based strategic communication and response, we examined the relationship between gender, gender stereotypes, and gender discriminative lies and challenges. Drawing from a student sample, we presented males and females (N = 80) with incentivized stereotype elicitation tasks that reveal their expectations of lies and challenges from each gender, followed by a series of strategic communication interactions within and between genders. Before interacting, both genders stereotyped females as more trustworthy (expected to send more honest messages) and more trusting (expected to accept and not challenge others’ messages) than males, in accord with cross-cultural gender differences. In best response to these stereotypes, both genders discriminately accepted or challenged messages based on the sender’s gender. However, we find no differences between males’ and females’ overall rates of lies and challenges. After learning the results of their strategic interactions, males and females revised their stereotypes about lies and challenges expected of each gender; these stereotype revisions resulted in greater predictive accuracy and less disparate gender discrimination. This suggests an important facultative feature of human trust-based communication and gender stereotyping: while the delivery and trust of private information is informed by gender stereotypes, these stereotypes are recalibrated with experience.

中文翻译:

性别,刻板印象和对沟通的信任。

跨文化报道了不诚实和不信任的性别差异,并与关于女性更值得信赖和信任的陈规定型观念有关。在这里,我们关注可能会受到性别影响的基于信任的沟通的基本问题:决定是否诚实地提供私人信息以及是否信任所提供的信息是诚实的决定。通过对基于信任的战略沟通和响应进行建模的实验室实验,我们研究了性别,性别刻板印象以及性别歧视性谎言和挑战之间的关系。从学生样本中抽取,我们介绍了男性和女性(N = 80)的激励性刻板印象启发任务,揭示他们对每个性别的谎言和挑战的期望,然后是性别内部和性别之间的一系列战略沟通互动。在进行互动之前,这两种性别都将女性定型为与男性相比更值得信赖(期望发送更多诚实的信息)和更加信任(期望接受而不是挑战他人的信息),这与跨文化的性别差异相符。为了最好地回应这些陈规定型观念,两种性别都会根据发件人的性别区别对待接受或质疑的邮件。但是,我们发现男性和女性的总体谎言和挑战率没有差异。在了解了他们的战略互动结果之后,男性和女性对关于每个性别的谎言和挑战的定型观念进行了修改;这些定型的修订导致更高的预测准确性和更少的性别歧视。这表明基于人类信任的交流和性别定型观念具有重要的兼职特征:虽然私人信息的传递和信任是通过性别定型观念来进行的,但是这些定型观念会根据经验进行重新调整。
更新日期:2020-09-11
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