Race is fraught with meaning, but unequal status is central. Race-status associations (RSAs) link White Americans with high status and Black Americans with low status. RSAs could occur via observation of racially distributed jobs, perceived status-related stereotypic attributes, or simple ranking. Nine samples (N = 3,933) validate 3 novel measures of White = high status/Black = low status RSAs-based on jobs, rank, and attributes. First, RSA measures showed clear factor structure, internal validity, and test-retest reliability. Second, these measures differentially corresponded to White Americans' hierarchy-maintaining attitudes, beliefs, and preferences. Potentially based on observation, the more spontaneous Job-based RSAs predicted interracial bias, social dominance orientation, meritocracy beliefs, and hierarchy-maintaining hiring or policy preferences. Preference effects held after controlling for bias and support for the status quo. In contrast, the more deliberate Rank- and Attribute-based RSAs negatively predicted hierarchy-maintaining beliefs and policy preferences; direct inferences of racial inequality linked to preferences for undoing it. Third, Black = low status, rather than White = high status, associations largely drove these effects. Finally, Black Americans also held RSAs; Rank- or Attribute-based RSAs predicted increased perceived discrimination, reduced social dominance, and reduced meritocracy beliefs. Although individuals' RSAs vary, only White Americans' Job-based stratifying associations help maintain racial status hierarchies. Theory-guided evidence of race-status associations introduces powerful new assessment tools. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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种族状况关联：三种感知方法在白人和黑人知觉者中的不同作用。

种族充满意义，但不平等的地位至关重要。种族状况协会（RSA）将地位高的白人美国人与地位低的黑人美国人联系起来。RSA可以通过观察种族分布的工作，感知到的与状态相关的陈规定型属性或简单的排名而发生。九个样本（N = 3,933）基于作业，等级和属性，验证了3种新颖的措施，即白=高状态/黑=低状态RSA。首先，RSA度量显示出清晰的因子结构，内部有效性和重测信度。其次，这些衡量标准与白人美国人保持等级制度的态度，信念和偏好不同。潜在地基于观察，更自然的基于工作的RSA会预测种族偏见，社会主导取向，精英统治信念，以及保持等级制度的招聘或政策偏好。在控制偏见和支持现状之后，偏好效应得以保持。相反，更审慎的基于等级和属性的RSA负面地预测了保持等级的信念和政策偏好。种族不平等的直接推论与消除它的偏好有关。第三，黑色代表低地位，而不是白色代表高地位，协会在很大程度上推动了这些影响。最后，美国黑人还持有RSA。基于等级或属性的RSA预计会增加感知的歧视，减少的社会支配地位和精英管理信念。尽管个人的RSA有所不同，但只有美国白人基于工作的分层协会才能帮助维持种族地位等级体系。种族状况关联的理论指导证据引入了功能强大的新评估工具。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。