Background: The sequence effect (SE), referring to step-to-step reduction in amplitude, is considered to lead to freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Visual cues may alleviate SE and help reduce freezing episodes. FOG patients show significant SE prior to turning or toward a doorway, but the SE toward a destination has not been clearly studied. Objectives: To examine the SE when approaching a destination in PD patients with FOG, and to further explore the effects of different types of visual cues on destination SE. Methods: Thirty-five PD patients were divided into a freezing (PD+FOG, n = 15) group and a non-freezing (PD-FOG, n = 20) group. Walking trials were tested under three conditions, including without cues (no-cue condition), with wearable laser lights (laser condition), and with transverse strips placed on the floor (strip condition). Kinematic data was recorded by a portable Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) system. The destination SE and some key gait parameters were evaluated. Results: The PD+FOG group showed greater destination SE in the no-cue and laser conditions when compared to the PD-FOG group. There were no significant differences in the strip condition when comparing destination SE of the two groups. The destination SE was alleviated only by using the transverse strips on the floor. In contrast, transverse strips and wearable laser lights could increase the step length. Conclusions: The significant destination SE may explain why FOG patients are prone to freezing when heading toward their destination. Visual cues using transverse strips on the floor may be a more effective strategy for FOG rehabilitation in PD patients.

中文翻译：

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横向条纹代替可穿戴激光减轻了步态冻结的帕金森氏病患者向目的地的序列效应。

背景：序列效应（SE）是指振幅逐步降低，被认为可导致帕金森氏病（PD）步态冻结（FOG）。视觉提示可能会减轻SE，并有助于减少冰冻发作。FOG患者在转向或进入门口之前显示出明显的SE，但尚未明确研究针对目的地的SE。目的：检查有FOG的PD患者到达目的地时的SE，并进一步探讨不同类型的视觉提示对目的地SE的影响。方法：将35例PD患者分为冰冻（PD + FOG，n = 15）组和非冰冻（PD-FOG，n = 20）组。在三种情况下对步行试验进行了测试，包括无提示（无提示条件），可穿戴激光灯（激光条件），并在地板上放置横条（条状条件）。运动数据通过便携式惯性测量单元（IMU）系统记录。评估了目标SE和一些关键步态参数。结果：与PD-FOG组相比，PD + FOG组在无提示和激光条件下显示出更大的目的地SE。比较两组的目标SE时，脱模条件没有显着差异。仅通过使用地板上的横向条缓解目的地SE。相反，横向条带和可穿戴激光灯可能会增加步长。结论：重要的目的地SE可以解释为什么FOG患者前往目的地时容易结冰。