Monolingual studies contrasting memory for positive versus negative emotion-laden words have generally used single-trial paradigms and have produced inconsistent results (no difference or an advantage for either positive or negative valence). However, monolingual studies with multiple presentations of stimuli have consistently found a positivity advantage in recall. No bilingual study has examined whether L2 testing, using a multi-trial procedure, will also produce a positivity advantage. We report two experiments in which L1 and L2 participants performed three learning trials (aural exposure, oral recall), followed by multiple delayed oral recall trials and a recognition trial, using lists of English words from ad-hoc semantic categories, with equal numbers of positive versus negative valence words. Results, including an overall positivity advantage, a greater positivity advantage in L2 than L1, and greater valence-based clustering in L2 than L1, were discussed in terms of the effects of stimulus exposure and gist consolidation.

单语研究比较了正面和负面情绪词汇的记忆，通常使用单次试验范式并产生不一致的结果（正面或负面效价没有差异或优势）。然而，具有多种刺激表现的单语研究一致发现在回忆方面具有积极优势。没有任何双语研究检查使用多试验程序的 L2 测试是否也会产生积极优势。我们报告了两个实验，其中 L1 和 L2 参与者进行了三个学习试验（听觉暴露、口头回忆），然后是多次延迟口头回忆试验和一个识别试验，使用来自临时语义类别的英语单词列表，具有相同数量的正价词与负价词。结果，