Impulsivity refers to a set of traits that are generally negatively related to critical domains of adaptive functioning and are core features of numerous psychiatric disorders. The current study examined the gray and white matter correlates of five impulsive traits measured using an abbreviated version of the UPPS-P (Urgency, (lack of) Premeditation, (lack of) Perseverance, Sensation-Seeking, Positive Urgency) impulsivity scale in children aged 9 to 10 (N = 11,052) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Linear mixed effect models and elastic net regression were used to examine features of regional gray matter and white matter tractography most associated with each UPPS-P scale; intraclass correlations were computed to examine the similarity of the neuroanatomical correlates among the scales. Positive Urgency showed the most robust association with neuroanatomy, with similar but less robust associations found for Negative Urgency. Perseverance showed little association with neuroanatomy. Premeditation and Sensation Seeking showed intermediate associations with neuroanatomy. Critical regions across measures include the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, lateral temporal cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex; critical tracts included the superior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. Negative Urgency and Positive Urgency showed the greatest neuroanatomical similarity. Some UPPS-P traits share neuroanatomical correlates, while others have distinct correlates or essentially no relation to neuroanatomy. Neuroanatomy tended to account for relatively little variance in UPPS-P traits (i.e., Model R2 < 1%) and effects were spread throughout the brain, highlighting the importance of well powered samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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9 至 10 岁儿童冲动特征的神经解剖学相关性。

冲动是指一组通常与适应性功能的关键领域负相关的特征，是许多精神疾病的核心特征。目前的研究检查了使用缩写版 UPPS-P（紧迫感、（缺乏）预谋、（缺乏）毅力、寻求感觉、积极紧迫感）儿童冲动量表测量的五种冲动特征的灰质和白质相关性来自青少年大脑和认知发育 (ABCD) 研究的 9 至 10 岁（N = 11,052）。线性混合效应模型和弹性网回归用于检查与每个 UPPS-P 量表最相关的区域灰质和白质纤维束成像的特征；计算类内相关性以检查量表之间神经解剖学相关性的相似性。正紧迫性显示出与神经解剖学最密切的关联，负紧迫性的关联相似但不那么强烈。毅力与神经解剖学几乎没有关联。预谋和感觉寻求显示出与神经解剖学的中间关联。跨测量的关键区域包括背外侧前额叶皮层、外侧颞叶皮层和眶额叶皮层；关键束包括上纵束和下额枕束。负紧迫感和正紧迫感表现出最大的神经解剖学相似性。一些 UPPS-P 特征共享神经解剖学相关性，而其他性状与神经解剖学具有明显的相关性或基本上没有关系。神经解剖学倾向于解释 UPPS-P 特征的相对较小的差异（即模型 R2 < 1%) 并且影响遍布整个大脑，突出了强大样本的重要性。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。