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The Influence of Communicative Relations on Facial Responses to Pain: Does It Matter Who Is Watching?
Pain Research and Management ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2014 , DOI: 10.1155/2014/195286
Anna J Karmann 1 , Stefan Lautenbacher 1 , Florian Bauer 1 , Miriam Kunz 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND: Facial responses to pain are believed to be an act of communication and, as such, are likely to be affected by the relationship between sender and receiver.OBJECTIVES: To investigate this effect by examining the impact that variations in communicative relations (from being alone to being with an intimate other) have on the elements of the facial language used to communicate pain (types of facial responses), and on the degree of facial expressiveness.METHODS: Facial responses of 126 healthy participants to phasic heat pain were assessed in three different social situations: alone, but aware of video recording; in the presence of an experimenter; and in the presence of an intimate other. Furthermore, pain catastrophizing and sex (of participant and experimenter) were considered as additional influences.RESULTS: Whereas similar types of facial responses were elicited independent of the relationship between sender and observer, the degree of facial expressiveness varied significantly, with increased expressiveness occurring in the presence of the partner. Interestingly, being with an experimenter decreased facial expressiveness only in women. Pain catastrophizing and the sex of the experimenter exhibited no substantial influence on facial responses.CONCLUSION: Variations in communicative relations had no effect on the elements of the facial pain language. The degree of facial expressiveness, however, was adapted to the relationship between sender and observer. Individuals suppressed their facial communication of pain toward unfamiliar persons, whereas they overtly displayed it in the presence of an intimate other. Furthermore, when confronted with an unfamiliar person, different situational demands appeared to apply for both sexes.

中文翻译:

交往关系对面部对疼痛的反应的影响:谁在监视是否重要?

背景:人们对疼痛的面部反应被认为是一种交流行为,因此很可能会受到发送者和接收者之间关系的影响。目的:通过研究交流关系中的变化(从方法:评估了126名健康参与者对相热疼痛的面部反应,评估了面部疼痛的程度(面部反应的类型)和面部表情的程度。三种不同的社交情况:一个人,但知道录像;在实验者在场的情况下;并在一个亲密的他人面前。此外,疼痛灾难性和(参与者和实验者的)性别被认为是另外的影响。尽管发件人和观察者之间的关系无关,也会引起相似类型的面部反应,但是面部表情的表达程度却发生了显着变化,伴有伴侣时面部表情的表达增加。有趣的是,和一个实验者在一起只会降低女性的面部表情。痛苦的灾难性和实验者的性别对面部反应没有实质性影响。结论:交往关系的变化对面部疼痛语言的要素没有影响。但是,面部表情的程度已适应发送者和观察者之间的关系。个人压制了他们对陌​​生人的面部疼痛交流,而在有亲密他人的陪伴下,他们公开展示了疼痛。此外,
更新日期:2020-09-25
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