Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of various renal diseases, including Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD). CKD refers to the gradual loss of kidney function with the declining Glomerular Functional Rate (GFR).

Objective: This study focused on the regulatory mechanism of miRNA to control gene expression in CKD.

Methods: In this context, two lists of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were obtained; one from the three selected experiments by setting a cutoff p-value of <0.05 (List A), and one from a list of target genes of miRNAs (List B). Both lists were then compared to get a common dataset of 33 miRNAs, each had a set of DEGs i.e. both up-regulated and down-regulated genes (List C). These data were subjected to functional enrichment analysis, network illustration, and gene homology studies.

Results: This study confirmed the active participation of various miRNAs i.e. hsa -miR-15a-5p, hsa-miR-195-5p, hsa-miR-365-3p, hsa-miR-30a-5p, hsa-miR-124-3p, hsa-miR-200b-3p, and hsamiR- 429 in the dysregulation of genes involved in kidney development and function. Integrated analyses depicted that miRNAs modulated renal development, homeostasis, various metabolic processes, immune responses, and ion transport activities. Furthermore, homology studies of miRNA-mRNA hybrid highlighted the effect of partial complementary binding pattern on the regulation of genes by miRNA.

Conclusion: The study highlighted the great values of miRNAs as biomarkers in kidney diseases. In addition, the need for further investigations on miRNA-based studies is also commended in the development of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools for renal diseases.

背景：MicroRNA（miRNA）在包括慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）在内的各种肾脏疾病的发病机理中起着重要作用。CKD指肾功能逐渐下降，肾小球功能率（GFR）下降。

目的：本研究侧重于miRNA调控CKD基因表达的调控机制。

方法：在这种情况下，获得了两个差异表达基因（DEGs）列表。一项是通过设置截止值p值<0.05来选择的三项实验中的一项（列表A），另一项是通过设置miRNA的靶基因列表中的一项（列表B）。然后将两个列表进行比较，以得到33个miRNA的通用数据集，每个都有一组DEG，即上调和下调的基因（列表C）。这些数据经过功能富集分析，网络图示和基因同源性研究。

结果：这项研究证实了各种miRNA的积极参与，即hsa -miR-15a-5p，hsa-miR-195-5p，hsa-miR-365-3p，hsa-miR-30a-5p，hsa-miR-124- 3p，hsa-miR-200b-3p和hsamiR-429参与肾脏发育和功能的基因失调。综合分析表明，miRNA调节肾脏发育，体内平衡，各种代谢过程，免疫反应和离子转运活性。此外，miRNA-mRNA杂种的同源性研究突出了部分互补结合模式对miRNA调控基因的影响。

结论：该研究强调了miRNA作为肾脏疾病生物标志物的巨大价值。此外，在开发针对肾脏疾病的诊断，预后和治疗工具时，也需要对基于miRNA的研究进行进一步研究。