HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy) revolutionized HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) treatment upon its introduction in 1996. But, HAART has not been a complete solution for HIV infection. HIV remains viable in latent viral reservoirs even when the adequate concentration of a drug is available in the blood. Hence, nanotechnology-based delivery systems are being developed to target the HIV virus and evaluated for their safety and efficacy. Among employed nanocarriers, dendrimers are repetitively branched molecules which are an ideal carrier for developing preventive antiretroviral drug delivery system with low-level cytotoxicity and targeted action. Dendrimers with potentially active multivalent sites combine with the gp120 of HIV and CD4 receptors of the host cells and inhibit the attachment of HIV to host cells. Some of the dendrimers are capable of interfering in HIV replication. The main objective of this review is to reveal the mechanism of anti-retroviral action of different types of functionalized dendrimers in HIV. The significance of dendrimers as therapeutic agents for targeting the viral reservoirs in case of HIV was discussed. From the published literature reviewed, it can be concluded that the functionalized dendrimers are useful as anti-HIV agents and highlighting that advance studies are required for the development of more effective dendrimers based therapy which noticeably increases the anti-HIV activity.

自1996年推出以来，HAART（高效抗逆转录病毒疗法）就彻底改变了HIV（人类免疫缺陷病毒）的治疗方法。但是，HAART并不是针对HIV感染的完整解决方案。即使血液中有足够浓度的药物，艾滋病毒在潜在的病毒库中仍然可以存活。因此，正在开发基于纳米技术的递送系统，以针对HIV病毒为目标，并对其安全性和有效性进行评估。在所用的纳米载体中，树状聚合物是重复分支的分子，其是开发具有低水平细胞毒性和靶向作用的预防性抗逆转录病毒药物递送系统的理想载体。具有潜在活性多价位点的树状聚合物与宿主细胞的HIV和CD4受体的gp120结合，并抑制HIV与宿主细胞的附着。一些树状聚合物能够干扰HIV复制。这篇综述的主要目的是揭示HIV中不同类型的功能化树枝状聚合物的抗逆转录病毒作用的机制。讨论了树枝状大分子作为针对HIV感染者针对病毒库的治疗剂的重要性。从已发表的文献中可以得出结论，官能化的树状聚合物可用作抗HIV药物，并强调需要进一步研究以开发更有效的基于树状聚合物的疗法，从而显着提高抗HIV活性。讨论了树枝状大分子作为针对HIV感染者针对病毒库的治疗剂的重要性。从已发表的文献中可以得出结论，官能化的树状聚合物可用作抗HIV药物，并强调需要进一步研究以开发更有效的基于树状聚合物的疗法，从而显着提高抗HIV活性。讨论了树枝状大分子作为针对HIV感染者针对病毒库的治疗剂的重要性。从已发表的文献中可以得出结论，官能化的树状聚合物可用作抗HIV药物，并强调需要进一步研究以开发更有效的基于树状聚合物的疗法，从而显着提高抗HIV活性。