Background: More and more chemical substances are being released to the environment. Therefore, environmental problems caused by different pollutants have attracted long-term attention.

Objective: Sample pretreatment has always been the bottleneck restricting the development of residual drug analysis, so the latest development in various pretreatment technologies and current status for different residual drugs in environmental samples are reviewed.

Methods: For systematic and explicit descriptions, all of the contents were elucidated and summarized in a series of independent parts. In each part, it started from the research background or a conceptual framework and then specific examples were introduced to illustrate the theme. Finally, the important conclusions were drawn and its future was out looked after the discussion about related key problems appearing in each mentioned research.

Results: The whole review was composed of four parts, and 111 papers were cited in total. Six figures were used to depict progress in potential pretreatment technologies for residual drugs in the environment, and nine tables were employed to summarize pretreatment and analysis results for various residual drugs in the environment.

Conclusion: This review placed emphasis on the development of pretreatment techniques of residual drugs in a specific manner, leading to meaningful and valuable related information to some related fields and thus promoting further research and application of related methods. The deep exploration for key scientific problems is the driving force to their effective detection and strict control.

背景：越来越多的化学物质被释放到环境中。因此，由不同污染物引起的环境问题已引起长期关注。

目的：样品前处理一直是制约残留药物分析发展的瓶颈，对环境样品中不同残留药物的各种前处理技术的最新发展和现状进行综述。

方法：为了系统的、明确的描述，所有的内容都用一系列独立的部分进行阐述和总结。每一部分都从研究背景或概念框架开始，然后通过具体的例子来说明主题。最后，在对每项研究中出现的相关关键问题进行讨论后，得出了重要结论并展望了其未来。

结果：全文由四部分组成，共引用111篇论文。六幅图描绘了环境中残留药物潜在预处理技术的进展，并用九张表格总结了环境中各种残留药物的预处理和分析结果。

结论：本综述以特定的方式强调了残留药物预处理技术的发展，为一些相关领域带来了有意义和有价值的相关信息，从而促进了相关方法的进一步研究和应用。对关键科学问题的深入探索是其有效发现和严格控制的动力。