Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are one of the most promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), due to the much more abundant resources of Na compared with Li in the world. Developing SIB technology to satisfy the increased demand for energy storage is therefore a significant task . However, one of the biggest bottlenecks is the design of high-performance and low-cost anode materials, since the graphite anode in commercial LIBs is not suitable for SIBs due to thermal dynamic issues. Hard carbon materials have been regarded as having the greatest potential as anodes in commercial SIBs owing to their excellent cost-effectiveness, but their relatively limited performance compared to the graphite in LIBs as well as the dimness of the sodium storage mechanisms still need further investigation. In this review, we summarize the progress of recent research into hard carbons for SIB applications, including the fundamentals of SIBs, sodium storage mechanisms, structures and the el...

中文翻译：

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钠离子电池及其他以外的硬碳

钠离子电池（SIB）是锂离子电池（LIB）的最有前途的替代品之一，因为与世界各地的Li相比，Na的资源丰富得多。因此，开发SIB技术以满足不断增长的能量存储需求是一项重大任务。但是，最大的瓶颈之一是高性能和低成本阳极材料的设计，因为商用LIB中的石墨阳极由于热动力学问题而不适用于SIB。由于其优异的成本效益，硬碳材料被认为是商业SIB中具有最大潜力的阳极，但与LIB中的石墨相比，其相对有限的性能以及钠存储机制的暗淡仍需进一步研究。在这篇评论中