The current trend of cancer therapy has changed from monotherapy to synergistic or combination therapies. Among the treatment strategies, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and starvation therapy are widely employed together. However, the therapeutic effect of these treatments could lead to strong resistance and poor prognosis due to tumor hypoxia. Therefore, a smart nanoplatform (MONs-GOx@MnO₂-Ce6) has been constructed herein by the assembly of glucose oxidase (GOx)-coated mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs) and MnO₂ nanosheets-chlorin e6 (Ce6), which form a nanosystem. Once MONs-GOx@MnO₂-Ce6 enter tumor cells, it catalyzes the oxidation of glucose using oxygen (O₂) and generates hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and gluconic acid, the former of which may accelerate the decomposition of MnO₂ nanosheets. The released MnO₂ nanosheets would regenerate O₂ in the presence of H₂O₂. In this case, MnO₂ nanosheets serve as (i) a nanocarrier and fluorescence quencher for the photosensitizer Ce6, (ii) a degradable material that is activated by the tumor microenvironment (TME) for fluorescence recovery, and (iii) an O₂-producing carrier that reacts with H₂O₂ for relieving hypoxia in the tumor, which contributes to the combined starvation/photodynamic cancer therapy since these treatment strategies need O₂. MONs-GOx@MnO₂-Ce6 could not only realize cancer cell imaging, but also reduce intracellular glucose uptake and Glut1 expression, inhibiting the metabolism of cancer cells. This strategy shows great potential for clinical applications.

中文翻译：

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多功能产生氧的基于MnO2的纳米平台用于肿瘤微环境激活的成像和体外联合治疗

当前癌症治疗的趋势已经从单一疗法变为协同疗法或联合疗法。在治疗策略中，光动力疗法（PDT）和饥饿疗法被广泛地一起使用。然而，由于肿瘤缺氧，这些疗法的治疗效果可能导致强烈的耐药性和不良的预后。因此，本文已经通过组装涂覆葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）的介孔有机二氧化硅纳米颗粒（MONs）和MnO ₂纳米片-二氢卟酚e6（Ce6）而构建了智能纳米平台（MONs-GOx @ MnO ₂ -Ce6）。纳米系统。MONs-GOx @ MnO ₂ -Ce6进入肿瘤细胞后，它会利用氧气（O ₂）催化葡萄糖的氧化并产生过氧化氢（H ₂ O₂）和葡萄糖酸，前者可加速MnO ₂纳米片的分解。所释放的MnO ₂纳米片将再生Ó ₂在H存在₂ Ò ₂。在此情况下，MnO的₂纳米片作为（i）用于光敏剂的Ce6纳米载体和荧光猝灭剂，（ⅱ）一个可降解的材料，其是由肿瘤微环境（TME），用于荧光恢复激活，和（iii）的O ₂ -与H ₂ O ₂反应的载体，减轻肿瘤中的缺氧，这有助于饥饿/光动力癌症联合治疗，因为这些治疗策略需要₂。MONs-GOx @ MnO ₂ -Ce6不仅可以实现癌细胞成像，而且可以降低细胞内葡萄糖的摄取和Glut1的表达，从而抑制癌细胞的代谢。该策略显示了巨大的临床应用潜力。