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Identification of determinants of differential chromatin accessibility through a massively parallel genome-integrated reporter assay
Genome Research ( IF 7 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1101/gr.263228.120
Jennifer Hammelman 1, 2 , Konstantin Krismer 2, 3 , Budhaditya Banerjee 4 , David K Gifford 2, 3, 5 , Richard I Sherwood 4, 6
Affiliation  

A key mechanism in cellular regulation is the ability of the transcriptional machinery to physically access DNA. Transcription factors interact with DNA to alter the accessibility of chromatin, which enables changes to gene expression during development or disease or as a response to environmental stimuli. However, the regulation of DNA accessibility via the recruitment of transcription factors is difficult to study in the context of the native genome because every genomic site is distinct in multiple ways. Here we introduce the multiplexed integrated accessibility assay (MIAA), an assay that measures chromatin accessibility of synthetic oligonucleotide sequence libraries integrated into a controlled genomic context with low native accessibility. We apply MIAA to measure the effects of sequence motifs on cell type–specific accessibility between mouse embryonic stem cells and embryonic stem cell–derived definitive endoderm cells, screening 7905 distinct DNA sequences. MIAA recapitulates differential accessibility patterns of 100-nt sequences derived from natively differential genomic regions, identifying E-box motifs common to epithelial–mesenchymal transition driver transcription factors in stem cell–specific accessible regions that become repressed in endoderm. We show that a single binding motif for a key regulatory transcription factor is sufficient to open chromatin, and classify sets of stem cell–specific, endoderm-specific, and shared accessibility-modifying transcription factor motifs. We also show that overexpression of two definitive endoderm transcription factors, T and Foxa2, results in changes to accessibility in DNA sequences containing their respective DNA-binding motifs and identify preferential motif arrangements that influence accessibility.

中文翻译:

通过大规模平行基因组整合报告基因检测确定染色质可及性差异的决定因素

细胞调控的一个关键机制是转录机制物理访问 DNA 的能力。转录因子与 DNA 相互作用以改变染色质的可及性,从而在发育或疾病过程中改变基因表达,或作为对环境刺激的反应。然而,很难在天然基因组的背景下研究通过募集转录因子对 DNA 可及性的调节,因为每个基因组位点在多种方面都是不同的。在这里,我们介绍了多路集成可访问性测定 (MIAA),这是一种测量合成寡核苷酸序列库的染色质可访问性的测定,该文库集成到具有低天然可访问性的受控基因组环境中。我们应用 MIAA 来测量序列基序对小鼠胚胎干细胞和胚胎干细胞衍生的定形内胚层细胞之间细胞类型特异性可及性的影响,筛选 7905 个不同的 DNA 序列。MIAA 概括了源自天然差异基因组区域的 100-nt 序列的差异可及性模式,确定了内胚层中被抑制的干细胞特异性可接近区域中的上皮-间充质转换驱动转录因子共有的 E-box 基序。我们表明,关键调节转录因子的单个结合基序足以打开染色质,并对干细胞特异性、内胚层特异性和共享可访问性修饰转录因子基序进行分类。我们还表明两种定形内胚层转录因子的过度表达,MIAA 概括了源自天然差异基因组区域的 100-nt 序列的差异可及性模式,确定了内胚层中被抑制的干细胞特异性可接近区域中的上皮-间充质转换驱动转录因子共有的 E-box 基序。我们表明,关键调节转录因子的单个结合基序足以打开染色质,并对干细胞特异性、内胚层特异性和共享可访问性修饰转录因子基序进行分类。我们还表明两种定形内胚层转录因子的过度表达,MIAA 概括了源自天然差异基因组区域的 100-nt 序列的差异可及性模式,确定了内胚层中被抑制的干细胞特异性可接近区域中的上皮-间充质转换驱动转录因子共有的 E-box 基序。我们表明,关键调节转录因子的单个结合基序足以打开染色质,并对干细胞特异性、内胚层特异性和共享可访问性修饰转录因子基序进行分类。我们还表明两种定形内胚层转录因子的过度表达,鉴定内胚层中被抑制的干细胞特异性可及区域中上皮-间充质转换驱动转录因子共有的 E-box 基序。我们表明,关键调节转录因子的单个结合基序足以打开染色质,并对干细胞特异性、内胚层特异性和共享可访问性修饰转录因子基序进行分类。我们还表明两种定形内胚层转录因子的过度表达,鉴定内胚层中被抑制的干细胞特异性可及区域中上皮-间充质转换驱动转录因子共有的 E-box 基序。我们表明,关键调节转录因子的单个结合基序足以打开染色质,并对干细胞特异性、内胚层特异性和共享可访问性修饰转录因子基序进行分类。我们还表明两种定形内胚层转录因子的过度表达,TFoxa2导致包含其各自 DNA 结合基序的 DNA 序列的可访问性发生变化,并确定影响可访问性的优先基序排列。
更新日期:2020-10-02
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