Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is considered as an established risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. However, the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in children and adolescents remained uncertain. Electronic databases of the PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the role of HIIT versus MICT for children and adolescents throughout December 2019. Sixteen RCTs involving a total of 543 children were selected for final meta-analysis. HIIT versus MICT showed high peak VO₂ (weighted mean differences (WMD): 2.68; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.81 to 3.55; ), and no evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias was detected. However, there were no significant differences detected between HIIT and MICT on the levels of peak heart rate (HR_max), fat mass, free fat mass, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glycemia, insulinemia, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, and leptinemia. The findings of this study revealed that HIIT versus MICT showed a significant improvement in peak VO₂ in children and adolescents. Further large-scale RCTs should be conducted to compare the long-term effects of HIIT versus MICT in children and adolescents.

中文翻译：

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高强度间歇训练与中等强度连续训练对儿童和青少年的健康结果：一项随机对照试验的荟萃分析

低心肺适应性（CRF）被认为是心血管疾病和代谢疾病的既定危险因素。但是，高强度间歇训练（HIIT）与中强度连续训练（MICT）在儿童和青少年中的有效性仍然不确定。搜索PubMed，EmBase和Cochrane图书馆的电子数据库以寻找随机对照试验（RCT），调查了HIIT和MICT在整个儿童和青少年中的作用，该研究于2019年12月进行了最终选择，共选择了16个RCT，涉及543名儿童分析。HIIT与MICT相比，显示出较高的VO ₂峰值（加权平均差异（WMD）：2.68； 95％置信区间（CI）：1.81至3.55；），没有发现异质性和发布偏见的证据。但是，HIIT和MICT在峰值心率（HR _max），脂肪质量，游离脂肪质量，体重，体重指数，腰围，收缩压，舒张压，血糖，胰岛素血症，总胆固醇，高密度脂蛋白，低密度脂蛋白，甘油三酸酯，HOMA-IR，HbA1c和瘦素血症。这项研究的结果表明，HIIT与MICT相比，儿童和青少年的VO ₂峰值明显改善。应该进行进一步的大规模随机对照试验，以比较HIIT和MICT对儿童和青少年的长期影响。