Electric vehicle charging facilities offer electric charge and parking to users for a fee. Both parking availability and electric charge capacity are constrained resources, and as the demand for charging facilities grows with increasing electric vehicle adoption, so too does the potential for exceeding these resource limitations. In this paper, we study how prices set by the charging facility impact the likelihood that resource constraints are exceeded. Specifically, we present probabilistic bounds on the number of charging spots and the total power supply needed at a facility based on the characteristics of the arriving vehicles. We assume the charging facility either offers a set of distinct and fixed charging rates to each user or allows the user to decide a charging deadline, from which a charging rate is determined. Users arrive randomly, requiring a random amount of charge. Additionally, each user has a random impatience factor that quantifies their value of time, and a random desired time to stay at a particular location. Assuming rational user behavior, and with knowledge of the probability distribution of the random parameters, we present high-confidence bounds on the total number of vehicles parked at the station and the aggregate power use of all vehicles actively charging. We demonstrate how these bounds can be used by a charging facility to determine appropriate prices and investigate through a Monte-Carlo simulation case study the tightness of the bounds.

中文翻译：

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电动汽车充电的资源感知定价

电动汽车充电设施为用户提供收费的充电和停车服务。停车位和充电容量都是受限资源，随着电动汽车采用率的增加，对充电设施的需求也在增长，超越这些资源限制的潜力也在增加。在本文中，我们研究了充电设施设定的价格如何影响超出资源限制的可能性。具体来说，我们根据到达车辆的特征，给出了充电点数量和设施所需总电力供应的概率界限。我们假设充电设施要么为每个用户提供一组不同且固定的充电费率，要么允许用户决定充电截止日期，由此确定充电费率。用户随机到达，需要随机充电。此外，每个用户都有一个随机的不耐烦因素来量化他们的时间价值，以及在特定位置停留的随机期望时间。假设用户行为合理，并了解随机参数的概率分布，我们对停在车站的车辆总数和所有主动充电车辆的总用电量提出了高置信度界限。我们演示了充电设施如何使用这些界限来确定合适的价格，并通过蒙特卡罗模拟案例研究调查界限的紧密程度。并且在了解随机参数的概率分布的情况下，我们对停在车站的车辆总数和所有主动充电车辆的总用电量提出了高置信度界限。我们演示了充电设施如何使用这些界限来确定合适的价格，并通过蒙特卡罗模拟案例研究调查界限的紧密程度。并且在了解随机参数的概率分布的情况下，我们对停在车站的车辆总数和所有主动充电车辆的总用电量提出了高置信度界限。我们演示了充电设施如何使用这些界限来确定合适的价格，并通过蒙特卡罗模拟案例研究调查界限的紧密程度。