We propose a visualization application, designed for the exploration of human spine simulation data. Our goal is to support research in biomechanical spine simulation and advance efforts to implement simulation-backed analysis in surgical applications. Biomechanical simulation is a state-of-the-art technique for analyzing load distributions of spinal structures. Through the inclusion of patient-specific data, such simulations may facilitate personalized treatment and customized surgical interventions. Difficulties in spine modelling and simulation can be partly attributed to poor result representation, which may also be a hindrance when introducing such techniques into a clinical environment. Comparisons of measurements across multiple similar anatomical structures and the integration of temporal data make commonly available diagrams and charts insufficient for an intuitive and systematic display of results. Therefore, we facilitate methods such as multiple coordinated views, abstraction and focus and context to display simulation outcomes in a dedicated tool. By linking the result data with patient-specific anatomy, we make relevant parameters tangible for clinicians. Furthermore, we introduce new concepts to show the directions of impact force vectors, which were not accessible before. We integrated our toolset into a spine segmentation and simulation pipeline and evaluated our methods with both surgeons and biomechanical researchers. When comparing our methods against standard representations that are currently in use, we found increases in accuracy and speed in data exploration tasks. In a qualitative review, domain experts deemed the tool highly useful when dealing with simulation result data, which typically combines time-dependent patient movement and the resulting force distributions on spinal structures.

中文翻译：

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脊柱手术中人体脊柱生物力学的可视化

我们提出了一个可视化应用程序，专为探索人体脊柱模拟数据而设计。我们的目标是支持生物力学脊柱模拟的研究，并推动在外科应用中实施模拟支持的分析。生物力学模拟是一种最先进的技术，用于分析脊柱结构的载荷分布。通过包含特定于患者的数据，这种模拟可以促进个性化治疗和定制手术干预。脊柱建模和模拟的困难部分归因于结果表现不佳，这也可能是将此类技术引入临床环境时的障碍。多个相似解剖结构的测量比较和时间数据的整合使得常用的图表不足以直观和系统地显示结果。因此，我们促进了多个协调视图、抽象和焦点以及上下文等方法，以在专用工具中显示模拟结果。通过将结果数据与患者特定的解剖结构联系起来，我们使临床医生可以看到相关参数。此外，我们引入了新概念来显示以前无法访问的冲击力矢量的方向。我们将我们的工具集集成到脊柱分割和模拟管道中，并与外科医生和生物力学研究人员一起评估了我们的方法。当将我们的方法与当前使用的标准表示进行比较时，我们发现数据探索任务的准确性和速度都有所提高。在定性审查中，领域专家认为该工具在处理模拟结果数据时非常有用，该数据通常结合时间相关的患者运动和由此产生的脊柱结构上的力分布。