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Micronutrient Fertilization of Greenhouse Cucumbers Mitigates Pirimicarb Resistance in Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Journal of Economic Entomology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-23 , DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa202
Mohammad Homayoonzadeh 1 , Mojtaba Esmaeily 1 , Khalil Talebi 1 , Hossein Allahyari 1 , Jamasb Nozari 1 , J P Michaud 2
Affiliation  

The nutritional status of host plants can have direct impacts on herbivore physiology and insect-plant interactions. We investigated the effect of micronutrients, including manganese, iron, zinc, and copper, on cucumber plant physiology, and on the biology and physiology of a strain of Aphis gossypii Glover selected over 12 generations to be resistant to pirimicarb. The micronutrient treatment increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in cucumber plants, and also increased levels of total phenolics, hydrogen peroxide, salicylic acid, and total chlorophyl, whereas malondialdehyde levels were unaffected. Pirimicarb-resistant cotton aphids that fed on micronutritient-amended cucumber plants expressed significantly decreased levels of acetylcholinesterase and detoxifying enzymes, specifically glutathione S-transferase, and carboxylesterase. Analysis of energy reserves in resistant A. gossypii fed on micronutritient-amended plants revealed decreases in the lipid and protein contents of aphids, whereas glycogen and carbohydrate contents showed no response. Resistant cotton aphids fed on micronutritient-amended plants showed significantly reduced fecundity, longevity, and reproductive periods, and a 1.7-fold reduction in pirimicarb LC50 compared with those fed on control plants. We conclude that micronutrient amendment negatively impacts the biological performance of insecticide-resistant cotton aphids, and diminishes their resistance to pirimicarb. Both direct effects on plant health, such as enhanced inducible defenses, and indirect effects on aphid fitness, such as reduced biological performance and detoxification abilities, were implicated. Therefore, optimization of micronutrient amendments could be a useful complement to other tactics for managing insecticide-resistant A. gossypii on cucumbers, and warrants exploration in other contexts.

中文翻译:

温室黄瓜的微量营养素施肥减轻棉蚜(半翅目:蚜科)的抗蚜威抗性

寄主植物的营养状况可以直接影响食草动物生理学和昆虫-植物相互作用。我们研究了微量营养素(包括锰、铁、锌和铜)对黄瓜植物生理学以及棉蚜 Glover 菌株的生物学和生理学的影响,该菌株经过 12 代筛选以抵抗抗蚜威。微量营养素处理增加了黄瓜植物中超氧化物歧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、愈创木酚过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性,也增加了总酚类物质、过氧化氢、水杨酸和总叶绿素的水平,而丙二醛的水平不受影响。以微量营养素改良的黄瓜植株为食的抗抗蚜威棉蚜虫表达的乙酰胆碱酯酶和解毒酶水平显着降低,特别是谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶和羧酸酯酶。以微量营养素改良植物为食的抗性棉线虫的能量储备分析显示,蚜虫的脂质和蛋白质含量降低,而糖原和碳水化合物含量没有反应。以微量营养素改良植物为食的抗性棉蚜表现出显着降低的繁殖力、寿命和繁殖期,与以对照植物为食的那些相比,抗蚜威 LC50 降低了 1.7 倍。我们得出的结论是,微量营养素改良剂会对抗杀虫剂棉蚜的生物学性能产生负面影响,并降低它们对抗蚜威的抗性。对植物健康的直接影响(例如增强的诱导防御)和对蚜虫健康的间接影响(例如生物性能和解毒能力降低)都受到牵连。因此,微量营养素添加物的优化可能是对其他管理黄瓜上抗杀虫剂的棉线虫的策略的有益补充,值得在其他情况下进行探索。
更新日期:2020-09-23
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