An understanding of immunological mechanisms in kidney diseases has advanced using mouse kidneys. However, the profiling of immune cell subsets in human kidneys remains undetermined, particularly compared with mouse kidneys. Normal human kidneys were obtained from radically nephrectomised patients with urogenital malignancy (n = 15). Subsequently, human kidney immune cell subsets were analysed using multicolor flow cytometry and compared with subsets from C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice under specific pathogen-free conditions. Twenty kidney sections from healthy kidney donors or subjects without specific renal lesions were additionally analysed by immunohistochemistry. In human kidneys, 47% ± 12% (maximum 63%) of immune cells were CD3⁺ T cells. Kidney CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells comprised 44% and 56% of total T cells. Of these, 47% ± 15% of T cells displayed an effector memory phenotype (CCR7⁻ CD45RA⁻ CD69⁻), and 48% ± 19% were kidney-resident cells (CCR7⁻ CD45RA⁻ CD69⁺). However, the proportions of human CD14⁺ and CD16⁺ myeloid cells were approximately 10% of total immune cells. A predominance of CD3⁺ T cells and a low proportion of CD14⁺ or CD68⁺ myeloid cells were also identified in healthy human kidney sections. In mouse kidneys, kidney-resident macrophages (CD11b^low F4/80^high) were the most predominant subset (up to 50%) but the proportion of CD3⁺ T cells was less than 20%. These results will be of use in studies in which mouse results are translated into human cases under homeostatic conditions or with disease.

使用小鼠肾脏对肾脏疾病的免疫机制有了深入的了解。然而，人类肾脏中免疫细胞亚群的分布仍然不确定，特别是与小鼠肾脏相比。正常人肾脏来自泌尿生殖系统恶性肿瘤（n = 15）的完全肾切除的患者。随后，使用多色流式细胞仪分析了人类肾脏免疫细胞亚群，并与无特定病原体条件下的C57BL / 6或BALB / c小鼠亚群进行了比较。另外，通过免疫组织化学分析了来自健康肾脏供体或没有特异性肾脏病变的受试者的二十个肾脏切片。在人类肾脏中，47％±12％（最大63％）的免疫细胞是CD3 ⁺ T细胞。肾脏CD4 ⁺和CD8 ⁺T细胞占总T细胞的44％和56％。其中47％±15％的T细胞表现出效应记忆表型（CCR7 ^- CD45RA ^- CD69 ^-），48％±19％是肾驻留细胞（CCR7 ^- CD45RA ^- CD69 ⁺）。但是，人CD14 ⁺和CD16 ⁺髓样细胞的比例约为总免疫细胞的10％。在健康的人肾切片中也鉴定出占优势的CD3 ⁺ T细胞和低比例的CD14 ⁺或CD68 ⁺髓样细胞。在小鼠肾脏中，肾驻留巨噬细胞（CD11b^低F4 / 80^高）是最主要的子集（最高50％），但CD3 ⁺ T细胞的比例不到20％。这些结果将用于将小鼠结果转化为稳态条件下或患有疾病的人类病例的研究中。