Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful tool for vibrational spectroscopy as it provides several orders of magnitude higher sensitivity than inherently weak spontaneous Raman scattering by exciting localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) on metal substrates. However, SERS can be unreliable for biomedical use since it sacrifices reproducibility, uniformity, biocompatibility, and durability due to its strong dependence on “hot spots”, large photothermal heat generation, and easy oxidization. Here, we demonstrate the design, fabrication, and use of a metal-free (i.e., LSPR-free), topologically tailored nanostructure composed of porous carbon nanowires in an array as a SERS substrate to overcome all these problems. Specifically, it offers not only high signal enhancement (~10⁶) due to its strong broadband charge-transfer resonance, but also extraordinarily high reproducibility due to the absence of hot spots, high durability due to no oxidization, and high compatibility to biomolecules due to its fluorescence quenching capability.

表面增强拉曼光谱 (SERS) 是一种强大的振动光谱工具，因为它通过在金属基底上激发局部表面等离子体共振 (LSPR)，提供比固有弱自发拉曼散射高几个数量级的灵敏度。然而，SERS 对“热点”的强烈依赖、大量的光热生热和容易氧化，因此牺牲了重现性、均匀性、生物相容性和耐用性，因此在生物医学应用中并不可靠。在这里，我们展示了无金属（即无 LSPR）、拓扑定制的纳米结构的设计、制造和使用，该纳米结构由阵列中的多孔碳纳米线组成，作为 SERS 基底来克服所有这些问题。具体来说，它不仅提供高信号增强（~10 ⁶) 由于其强大的宽带电荷转移共振，而且由于没有热点而具有极高的重现性，由于没有氧化而具有高耐久性，并且由于其荧光猝灭能力而与生物分子具有高兼容性。