Respiratory microbiome is an understudied area of research compared to other microbiomes of the human body. The respiratory tract is exposed to an array of environmental pollutants, including microbes. Yet, we know very little about the relationship between environmental and respiratory microbiome. The primary aim of our study was to compare the mycobiomes and bacteriomes between three sample types from the same participants, including home dust, saliva, and sputum. Samples were collected from 40 adolescents in a longitudinal cohort. We analyzed the samples using 16s bacterial rDNA and ITS fungal rDNA gene sequencing, as well as quantitative PCR with universal fungal and bacterial primers. Results showed that home dust had the greatest alpha diversity between the three sample types for both bacteria and fungi. Dust had the highest total fungal load and the lowest total bacterial load. Sputum had greater bacterial diversity than saliva, but saliva had greater fungal diversity than sputum. The distribution of major bacterial phyla differed between all sample types. However, the distribution of major fungal classes differed only between sputum and saliva. Future research should examine the biological significance of the taxa found in each sample type based on microbial ecology and associations with health effects.

中文翻译：

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痰、唾液和家庭灰尘的真菌群落和细菌群落

与人体的其他微生物组相比，呼吸系统微生物组是一个研究不足的研究领域。呼吸道暴露于一系列环境污染物，包括微生物。然而，我们对环境和呼吸道微生物组之间的关系知之甚少。我们研究的主要目的是比较来自同一参与者的三种样本类型之间的真菌群落和细菌群落，包括家庭灰尘、唾液和痰液。从纵向队列中的 40 名青少年收集样本。我们使用 16s 细菌 rDNA 和 ITS 真菌 rDNA 基因测序以及使用通用真菌和细菌引物进行定量 PCR 来分析样品。结果表明，家庭灰尘在细菌和真菌的三种样本类型之间具有最大的 alpha 多样性。灰尘具有最高的总真菌负荷和最低的总细菌负荷。痰的细菌多样性高于唾液，但唾液的真菌多样性高于痰。主要细菌门的分布在所有样本类型之间都不同。然而，主要真菌类别的分布仅在痰和唾液之间有所不同。未来的研究应根据微生物生态学和与健康影响的关联，检查在每个样本类型中发现的分类群的生物学意义。