Heavy metal ions are major contaminants of water resources. Their high solubility in water causes serious health problems as they can be adsorbed by living species and therefore, accumulate in humans. In this study, two approaches are explored: the first is based on the manufacture of mesoporous nanocristalline sulfonated hydroxyapatite. The influence of sulfonate ligands and the structure and surface chemistry of the materials are discussed. The second approach is based on the recovery of sulfonated hydroxyapatites used as adsorbents for heavy metal removal from water, which are studied for their antibacterial properties. The single and multi-component adsorption of Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions is enhanced in apatite enriched with sulfonate ligands, with remarkable selectivity and efficiency. The calculated maximal single sorption capacities q_e were in the order Zn²⁺(4.21 mmol g^-1) > Cd²⁺(3.15 mmol g^-1) > Pb²⁺(2.45 mmol g^-1). Competition between metal ions decreases the adsorption capacity of each metal ion. Results show that Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are preferentially adsorbed by sulfonated-HAp. The sulfonated hydroxyapatites are tested for their antimicrobial activity against three bacterial strains: Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as Gram-negative model and Staphylococcus aureus as Gram-positive model bacteria. Results evidence the 1,3-Benzenedisulfonate-functionalized hydroxyapatite antimicrobial activity against G-positive and G-negative bacteria. The mechanisms responsible for metal-ion adsorption and antibacterial activity are discussed.

重金属离子是水资源的主要污染物。它们在水中的高溶解度会导致严重的健康问题，因为它们可能会被生物吸收，并在人体中积累。在这项研究中，探索了两种方法：第一种是基于介孔纳米晶体磺化羟基磷灰石的制造。讨论了磺酸盐配体的影响以及材料的结构和表面化学性质。第二种方法是基于磺化羟基磷灰石的回收，该磺化羟基磷灰石用作从水中去除重金属的吸附剂，并对其抗菌性能进行了研究。Pb 2 ⁺，Zn ²⁺和Cd ²⁺的单组分和多组分吸附富含磺酸盐配体的磷灰石中的离子得到增强，具有显着的选择性和效率。计算的最大单吸附容量q _e依次为Zn ²⁺（4.21 mmol g ^-1）> Cd ²⁺（3.15 mmol g ^-1）> Pb ²⁺（2.45 mmol g ^-1）。金属离子之间的竞争降低了每种金属离子的吸附能力。结果表明Zn ²⁺和Cd ²⁺被磺化的HAp优先吸附。测试了磺化羟基磷灰石对三种细菌菌株的抗菌活性：大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌作为革兰氏阴性模型，金黄色葡萄球菌作为革兰氏阳性模型细菌。结果证明了1,3-苯二甲磺酸盐官能化的羟基磷灰石对G阳性和G阴性细菌的抗菌活性。讨论了负责金属离子吸附和抗菌活性的机理。