MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a fundamental role in the developmental and physiological processes that occur in both animals and plants. AntagomiRs are synthetic antagonists of miRNA, which prevent the target mRNA from suppression. Therapeutic approaches that modulate miRNAs have immense potential in the treatment of chronic respiratory disorders. However, the successful delivery of miRNAs/antagomiRs to the lungs remains a major challenge in clinical applications. A range of materials, namely, polymer nanoparticles, lipid nanocapsules and inorganic nanoparticles, has shown promising results for intracellular delivery of miRNA in chronic respiratory disorders. This review discusses the current understanding of miRNA biology, the biological roles of antagomiRs in chronic respiratory disease and the recent advances in the therapeutic utilization of antagomiRs as disease biomarkers. Furthermore our review provides a common platform to debate on the nature of antagomiRs and also addresses the viewpoint on the new generation of delivery systems that target antagomiRs in respiratory diseases.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) 在动物和植物的发育和生理过程中发挥着重要作用。AntagomiRs是miRNA的合成拮抗剂，可防止靶标 mRNA 受到抑制。调节 miRNA 的治疗方法在治疗慢性呼吸系统疾病方面具有巨大潜力。然而，将 miRNAs/ antagomiRs成功递送到肺部仍然是临床应用中的主要挑战。一系列材料，即聚合物纳米颗粒、脂质纳米胶囊和无机纳米颗粒，已显示出在慢性呼吸系统疾病中细胞内传递 miRNA 的有希望的结果。本综述讨论了目前对 miRNA 生物学的理解，以及antagomiRs的生物学作用。在慢性呼吸系统疾病和antagomiRs作为疾病生物标志物的治疗利用方面的最新进展。此外，我们的综述提供了一个共同平台来讨论antagomiRs的性质，并提出了针对呼吸系统疾病中antagomiRs 的新一代递送系统的观点。