Abstract We in-situ investigated the domain switching processes in BaTiO3 (BT) crystals by a fast camera combined with a polarized light microscope. The domain nucleation and domain wall motion processes were recorded. Our results reveal that under dynamic electric field loading, the polarization reorientation was mainly dominated by 90° domain nucleation and forward domain wall motion, instead of the sideways motion of the domain walls. More importantly, we show that synchronized 90° domain switching happens in BaTiO3 crystal during electric field loading. These results are thought to be very helpful for building a reasonable constitutive model for ferroelectrics.

中文翻译：

---

电场加载过程中 BaTiO3 晶体中同步 90°畴切换的直接观察

摘要 我们通过快速相机结合偏光显微镜原位研究了 BaTiO3 (BT) 晶体中的畴转换过程。记录畴成核和畴壁运动过程。我们的结果表明，在动态电场加载下，极化重新定向主要由 90°畴成核和向前畴壁运动主导，而不是畴壁的侧向运动。更重要的是，我们表明在电场加载期间 B​​aTiO3 晶体中发生同步 90° 畴切换。这些结果被认为对建立合理的铁电体本构模型非常有帮助。