Metal pollution is a great concern worldwide and the development of new technologies for more sustainable extraction methods as well as for the remediation of polluted sites is essential. Extremophilic microorganisms are attractive for this purpose since they have poly-resistance mechanisms which make them versatile. In this work, we sampled an acidic river and a hot spring of Caviahue-Copahue volcanic environment. The indigenous microbial communities were exposed to five heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn) in batch-cultures favouring different metabolisms of biotechnological interest. Remarkably, high tolerance values were reached in all the cultures, even though most of the metals studied were not present in the environmental sample. Particularly, outstanding tolerances were exhibited by acidophiles, which grew at concentrations as high as 400 mM of Zn and Ni. High-throughput amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene was used to study the indigenous communities and the resistant consortia. We took three approaches for the analysis: phylotypes, OTUs and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Interestingly, similar conclusions were drawn in all three cases. Analysing the phylogenetic structure and functional potential of the adapted consortia, we found that the strongest selection was exerted by the culture media. Notably, there was a poor correlation between alpha diversity and metal stress; furthermore, metal stress did not seem to harm the functional potential of the consortia. All these results reveal a great adaptability and versatility. At the end, 25 metal-resistant extremophilic consortia with potential uses in bioremediation, bioleaching or biomonitoring processes were obtained.

金属污染是世界范围内极为关注的问题，为更可持续的提取方法以及污染场地的修复开发新技术至关重要。极端微生物由于其具有使它们通用的多抗性机制而为此目的而吸引。在这项工作中，我们采样了一条酸性河流和Caviahue-Copahue火山环境的温泉。在分批培养中，土著微生物群落暴露于五种重金属（镉，钴，铜，镍和锌），有利于生物技术关注的不同代谢。值得注意的是，即使所研究的大多数金属都不存在于环境样品中，在所有培养物中均达到了高耐受性值。特别地，嗜酸菌表现出出色的耐受性，其浓度高达400 mM的锌和镍。16S rRNA基因的高通量扩增子测序用于研究土著社区和抗性财团。我们采用了三种分析方法：系统型，OTU和扩增子序列变异体（ASV）。有趣的是，在所有三个案例中都得出了类似的结论。分析适应联盟的系统发育结构和功能潜力，我们发现最强的选择是由培养基发挥的。值得注意的是，α多样性与金属应力之间的相关性很差。此外，金属应力似乎并未损害该财团的功能潜力。所有这些结果显示出很大的适应性和多功能性。最后，有25个具有金属抗性的极端嗜热菌群在生物修复中具有潜在用途，