The term water security (WS) shows an overwhelming superiority in both policy and academic circles. Firstly, the paper reviews the multiple interpretations of WS. Specifically, we emphasize that urban water security (UWS), as one of the human sustainable development goal, consists of three pillars: water resources security focusing on water scarcity issue; water environment security focusing on water pollution issue, and water disasters security focusing on water-related hazards and vulnerability issue. Secondly, it compares and contrasts the development backgrounds and properties of three water management approaches to UWS--integrated water management, adaptive water management, and intelligence-based water management (skill and equipment intensive). Thirdly, it mainly discusses the development situation of smart water grid and lessons learned from intelligent (smart) water management. Finally, this paper presents the achievements and challenges of the water management approaches. Although every water management approach has its own advantages and disadvantages, our comparison can provide a map for water policy makers and stockholder companies to guide the future development of water management and realizing UWS.

水安全（WS）一词在政策界和学术界都显示出压倒性的优势。首先，本文回顾了WS的多种解释。具体来说，我们强调城市水安全（UWS）作为人类可持续发展目标之一，包括三个支柱：关注水资源短缺问题的水资源安全；水环境安全侧重于水污染问题，水灾难安全侧重于与水有关的危害和脆弱性问题。其次，它比较和对比了UWS的三种水管理方法的发展背景和特性-集成水管理，自适应水管理和基于智能的水管理（技能和设备密集型）。第三，它主要讨论了智能水电网的发展状况以及从智能（智能）水管理中汲取的经验教训。最后，本文介绍了水管理方法的成就和挑战。尽管每种水管理方法都有其优点和缺点，但我们的比较可以为水政策制定者和股东公司提供一幅地图，以指导水管理的未来发展和实现UWS。