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Design, characterization and performance evaluation of few-mode EDFA system with propagation up to six modes
Optical and Quantum Electronics ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 , DOI: 10.1007/s11082-020-02561-9
Taban Qayoom , Gausia Qazi , Hakim Najeeb-ud-din

Modal gain equalized system for six mode-erbium doped fiber amplifier (6M-EDFA) is designed and analyzed. For the ease in calculation an appropriate pump combination of linearly polarized LP01, LP31 and LP21 modes required for reduction in differential mode gain (DMGλ) is mathematically obtained from extended Giles model. An optimized centre depressed erbium ion profile is also obtained separately. The optimum simplified unidirectional pump combination at 980 nm is then used to excite centre depressed erbium ion profile to achieve considerable reduction in DMGλ. The mathematical analysis is further corroborated with simulation results. The 6M-EDFA system designed provided a minimum DMGλ of 4.41 dB in six mode group and DMGλ of 1.37 dB in five mode group. At smaller values of pump power, a mean gain of about 24.364 dB is achieved at 1550 nm and at lower input signal power of -7 dBm per mode. Gain spectrum is observed to be completely flat over C band for all six modes. Further investigation on evolution of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is reported for 6M-EDFA for the first time with new performance metric namely ASE ratio to indicate the deviation of noise between six modes. The ASE ratio of about 2.387 is obtained indicating that the designed system is reasonably immune to noise effects. The influence of non ideal high concentration effects is also investigated on the designed system. The DMGλ values are observed to monotonically increase with length and concentration and decrease with wavelength and input signal powers.

中文翻译:

具有多达六种模式传播的少模式 EDFA 系统的设计、表征和性能评估

设计并分析了六模掺铒光纤放大器(6M-EDFA)的模态增益均衡系统。为便于计算,从扩展的 Giles 模型中以数学方式获得了降低差模增益 (DMGλ) 所需的线性极化 LP01、LP31 和 LP21 模式的适当泵浦组合。还单独获得了优化的中心压低铒离子分布。然后使用 980 nm 处的最佳简化单向泵组合来激发中心压低的铒离子分布,以实现 DMGλ 的显着降低。数学分析进一步得到了仿真结果的证实。设计的 6M-EDFA 系统在六模组中提供 4.41 dB 的最小 DMGλ,在五模组中提供 1.37 dB 的 DMGλ。在较小的泵浦功率值下,平均增益约为 24。在 1550 nm 和每个模式 -7 dBm 的较低输入信号功率下实现 364 dB。观察到所有六种模式的增益谱在 C 波段上完全平坦。首次报道了对 6M-EDFA 的放大自发辐射 (ASE) 演变的进一步研究,其中使用新的性能指标即 ASE 比率来指示六种模式之间的噪声偏差。获得的 ASE 比率约为 2.387,表明设计的系统对噪声影响具有合理的免疫力。还研究了非理想高浓度效应对设计系统的影响。观察到 DMGλ 值随长度和浓度单调增加,随波长和输入信号功率而减小。首次报道了对 6M-EDFA 的放大自发辐射 (ASE) 演变的进一步研究,其中使用新的性能指标即 ASE 比率来指示六种模式之间的噪声偏差。获得的 ASE 比率约为 2.387,表明设计的系统对噪声影响具有合理的免疫力。还研究了非理想高浓度效应对设计系统的影响。观察到 DMGλ 值随长度和浓度单调增加,随波长和输入信号功率而减小。首次报道了对 6M-EDFA 的放大自发辐射 (ASE) 演变的进一步研究,其中使用新的性能指标即 ASE 比率来指示六种模式之间的噪声偏差。获得的 ASE 比率约为 2.387,表明设计的系统对噪声影响具有合理的免疫力。还研究了非理想高浓度效应对设计系统的影响。观察到 DMGλ 值随长度和浓度单调增加,随波长和输入信号功率而减小。387 表示设计的系统对噪声影响具有合理的免疫力。还研究了非理想高浓度效应对设计系统的影响。观察到 DMGλ 值随长度和浓度单调增加,随波长和输入信号功率而减小。387 表示设计的系统对噪声影响具有合理的免疫力。还研究了非理想高浓度效应对设计系统的影响。观察到 DMGλ 值随长度和浓度单调增加,随波长和输入信号功率而减小。
更新日期:2020-09-24
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