Animals emit predator-elicited calls in response to potential predation threats. These vocalizations induce a variety of anti-predator behaviors in conspecific receivers ranging from moving away from predators (alarm calls) to rallying conspecifics to fend them off (mobbing calls). While much is known about the immediate response to alarm calls, less is known about how mobbing calls influence subsequent antipredator decisions. Mobbing calls stimulate harassment of a potential predator. Therefore we predicted that hearing a mobbing call would make animals less likely to immediately flee an approaching threat. To study the potential effect of mobbing vocalizations on risk assessment, we primed common mynas (Acridotheres tristis) with a series of different stimuli and studied the variation in their subsequent decisions to flee an approaching human by quantifying flight initiation distance (FID). We found that although mynas increased their rate of locomotion after hearing mobbing calls, their subsequent decision to flee was not influenced. We also found that an individual’s propensity to move and look explained some variation in FID. This suggests that while mobbing calls do not influence subsequent decisions to flee, they do affect subsequent behavior.

中文翻译：

---

围攻发声对常见八哥（Acridotheres tristis）风险感知的影响

动物发出捕食者引发的呼叫以应对潜在的捕食威胁。这些发声在同种接收者中诱发了各种反捕食者行为，从远离捕食者（警报呼叫）到召集同种动物以抵御它们（围攻呼叫）。虽然对警报呼叫的立即响应知之甚少，但对围攻呼叫如何影响随后的反捕食者决策知之甚少。围攻会刺激对潜在捕食者的骚扰。因此，我们预测听到围攻呼叫会使动物不太可能立即逃离逼近的威胁。为了研究围攻声音对风险评估的潜在影响，我们用一系列不同的刺激物对普通八哥 (Acridotheres tristis) 进行了准备，并通过量化飞行起始距离 (FID) 来研究它们随后决定逃离接近的人类的变化。我们发现，虽然八哥在听到围攻的呼唤后增加了它们的移动速度，但它们随后的逃跑决定并未受到影响。我们还发现，个人移动和观看的倾向解释了 FID 的一些变化。这表明虽然围攻呼叫不会影响随后的逃跑决定，但它们确实会影响随后的行为。我们还发现，个人移动和观看的倾向解释了 FID 的一些变化。这表明虽然围攻呼叫不会影响随后的逃跑决定，但它们确实会影响随后的行为。我们还发现，个人移动和观看的倾向解释了 FID 的一些变化。这表明虽然围攻呼叫不会影响随后的逃跑决定，但它们确实会影响随后的行为。