Exclusivity in physical spaces and nutrients is a prerequisite for survival of organisms, but a few species have been able to develop mutually beneficial strategies that allow them to co-habit. Here, we discovered a mutualistic mechanism between filamentous fungus, Aspergillus nidulans, and bacterium, Bacillus subtilis The bacterial cells co-cultured with the fungus traveled along mycelia using their flagella and dispersed farther with the expansion of fungal colony, indicating that the fungal mycelia supply space for bacteria to migrate, disperse, and proliferate. Transcriptomic, genetic, molecular mass, and imaging analyses demonstrated that the bacteria reached the mycelial edge and supplied thiamine to the growing hyphae, which led to a promotion of hyphal growth. The thiamine transfer from bacteria to the thiamine non-auxotrophic fungus was directly demonstrated by stable isotope labeling. The simultaneous spatial and metabolic interactions demonstrated in this study reveal a mutualism that facilitates the communicating fungal and bacterial species to obtain an environmental niche and nutrient, respectively.

中文翻译：

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真菌菌丝体和细菌硫胺素建立相互的生长机制。

在物理空间和营养中排他性是生物生存的先决条件，但是少数物种已经能够制定互惠互利的战略，使它们能够共同生活。在这里，我们发现丝状真菌构巢曲霉与细菌枯草芽孢杆菌之间存在相互关系的机制。与真菌共培养的细菌细胞利用鞭毛沿着菌丝体传播，并随着真菌菌落的扩展而进一步扩散，这表明真菌菌丝体为细菌的迁移，扩散和增殖提供了空间。转录组学，遗传，分子质量和影像学分析表明，细菌到达菌丝体边缘并向生长的菌丝提供了硫胺素，从而促进了菌丝的生长。硫胺素从细菌到硫胺素非营养缺陷型真菌的转移直接通过稳定的同位素标记证明。在这项研究中同时发生的空间和代谢相互作用揭示了一种相互关系，可以促进相互交流的真菌和细菌物种分别获得环境利基和营养。