Spinal cord injury (SCI) is the damage to the spinal cord that can lead to temporary or permanent loss of function due to injury to the nerve. The SCI patients are often associated with poor quality of life. This review discusses the current status of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for SCI, criteria to considering for the application of MSC therapy and novel biological therapies that can be applied together with MSCs to enhance its efficacy. Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs), umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ADSCs) have been trialed for the treatment of SCI. Application of MSCs may minimize secondary injury to the spinal cord and protect the neural elements that survived the initial mechanical insult by suppressing the inflammation. Additionally, MSCs have been shown to differentiate into neuron-like cells and stimulate neural stem cell proliferation to rebuild the damaged nerve tissue. These characteristics are crucial for the restoration of spinal cord function upon SCI as damaged cord has limited regenerative capacity and it is also something that cannot be achieved by pharmacological and physiotherapy interventions. New biological therapies including stem cell secretome therapy, immunotherapy and scaffolds can be combined with MSC therapy to enhance its therapeutic effects.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞治疗脊髓损伤

脊髓损伤 (SCI) 是脊髓损伤，可因神经损伤导致暂时或永久性功能丧失。SCI患者通常与生活质量差有关。本综述讨论了间充质干细胞 (MSC) 治疗 SCI 的现状、考虑应用 MSC 治疗的标准以及可与 MSCs 一起应用以提高其疗效的新型生物疗法。骨髓来源的 MSCs (BMSCs)、脐带来源的 MSCs (UC-MSCs) 和脂肪组织来源的 MSCs (ADSCs) 已被试验用于治疗 SCI。MSCs 的应用可以最大限度地减少对脊髓的继发性损伤，并通过抑制炎症来保护在最初的机械损伤中幸存下来的神经元件。此外，MSCs 已被证明可以分化为神经元样细胞并刺激神经干细胞增殖以重建受损的神经组织。这些特征对于脊髓损伤后脊髓功能的恢复至关重要，因为受损脊髓的再生能力有限，这也是药物和物理治疗干预无法实现的。包括干细胞分泌疗法、免疫疗法和支架在内的新型生物疗法可以与MSC疗法相结合，以增强其治疗效果。这些特征对于脊髓损伤后脊髓功能的恢复至关重要，因为受损脊髓的再生能力有限，这也是药物和物理治疗干预无法实现的。包括干细胞分泌疗法、免疫疗法和支架在内的新型生物疗法可以与MSC疗法相结合，以增强其治疗效果。这些特征对于脊髓损伤后脊髓功能的恢复至关重要，因为受损脊髓的再生能力有限，这也是药物和物理治疗干预无法实现的。包括干细胞分泌疗法、免疫疗法和支架在内的新型生物疗法可以与MSC疗法相结合，以增强其治疗效果。