Although the main aims of sanctions are the political and economic pressures on governments, literature has demonstrated the harsh effects of sanctions on the general public, especially on the patients, poor and disabled people. Since the international sanctions regime negatively affected almost all dimensions of Iran’s health sector, this qualitative study was conducted to investigate the situation of the physical rehabilitation sector after these sanctions. This qualitative study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2019 in Iran using Skype, telephone, and face-to-face in-depth semi-structured interviews. Purposive and snowball sampling approaches were used to identify the participants. Also, framework analysis approach was applied to analyze the collected data. In total, 38 individuals including health policy-maker, faculty member, rehabilitation expert, Physiotherapist, Occupational therapist, and Orthotist/Prosthetist, were involved in the study. Based on our findings, a number of challenges facing the Iranian physical rehabilitation sector during the international sanctions period included: 1) socioeconomic challenges (inadequate funding, rising inflation rate, high unemployment rate, catastrophic expenditures, and inappropriate employment status of practitioners); 2) education challenges (decreased international collaboration and shortage of training devices and materials); 3) international challenges (rising issues in accessing services for patients from neighborhood countries); and 4) service delivery challenges (shortage of raw materials for producing the orthoses and prostheses, hardening of the importing the needed equipment, inappropriate infrastructures, and impossibility to use external assistance). After international sanctions, the Iranian physical rehabilitation sector has faced considerable multifaceted challenges. Therefore, the international community must be aware of the situation and be concerned about the irreparable consequences.

中文翻译：

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国际制裁后伊朗的身体康复：从定性研究中探索发现。

尽管制裁的主要目的是对政府施加政治和经济压力，但文献显示制裁对普通民众，特别是对患者，穷人和残疾人的严厉影响。由于国际制裁制度对伊朗卫生部门的几乎所有方面都产生了负面影响，因此进行了定性研究，以调查制裁后身体康复部门的状况。这项定性研究于2019年1月至2019年6月在伊朗使用Skype，电话和面对面的深度半结构化访谈进行。目的和雪球采样方法用于识别参与者。此外，采用框架分析方法来分析收集的数据。共有38位个人，包括卫生政策制定者，教职员工，康复专家，物理治疗师，职业治疗师和矫形/假肢医师参与了该研究。根据我们的调查结果，国际制裁期间伊朗身体康复部门面临的许多挑战包括：1）社会经济挑战（资金不足，通货膨胀率上升，失业率高，灾难性支出以及从业人员的就业状况不当）；2）教育挑战（国际合作减少以及培训设备和材料的短缺）；3）国际挑战（在为邻国患者提供服务时出现的上升问题）；和4）服务交付方面的挑战（用于生产矫形器和假体的原材料短缺，所需设备进口的硬化，不适当的基础设施，并且无法使用外部帮助）。在受到国际制裁之后，伊朗的身体康复部门面临着相当多的挑战。因此，国际社会必须意识到这一局势，并关注其无法弥补的后果。