AGAMOUS (AG) subfamily genes regulate the floral organs initiation and development, fruit and seed development. At present, there has been insufficient study of the function of AG subfamily genes in Asteraceae. Marigold (Tagetes erecta) belongs to Asteraceae family whose unique inflorescence structure makes it an important research target for understanding floral organ development in plants. Four AG subfamily genes of marigold were isolated and phylogenetically grouped into class C (TeAG1 and TeAG2) and class D (TeAGL11–1 and TeAGL11–2) genes. Expression profile analysis demonstrated that these four genes were highly expressed in reproductive organs of marigold. Subcellular localization analysis suggested that all these four proteins were located in the nucleus. Protein-protein interactions analysis indicated that class C proteins had a wider interaction manner than class D proteins. Function analysis of ectopic expression in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that TeAG1 displayed a C function specifying the stamen identity and carpel identity, and that TeAGL11–1 exhibited a D function regulating seed development and petal development. In addition, overexpression of both TeAG1 and TeAGL11–1 leaded to curling rosette leaf and early flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. This study provides an insight into molecular mechanism of AG subfamily genes in Asteraceae species and technical support for improvement of several floral traits.

中文翻译：

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万寿菊（Tagetes erecta）中与花器官和种子发育相关的AGAMOUS亚科基因的鉴定，表征和功能分析。

AGAMOUS（AG）亚家族基因调节花器官的启动和发育，果实和种子的发育。目前，关于菊科中的AG亚家族基因的功能的研究不足。万寿菊（Tagetes erecta）属于菊科（Asteraceae），其独特的花序结构使其成为理解植物花器官发育的重要研究对象。分离了四个万寿菊的AG亚科基因，并在系统发育上分为C类（TeAG1和TeAG2）和D类（TeAGL11-1和TeAGL11-2）基因。表达谱分析表明这四个基因在万寿菊的生殖器官中高表达。亚细胞定位分析表明所有这四个蛋白质都位于细胞核中。蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用分析表明，C类蛋白质比D类蛋白质具有更广泛的相互作用方式。拟南芥中异位表达的功能分析显示，TeAG1显示C功能，指定雄蕊身份和心皮身份，TeAGL11-1显示D功能，调节种子发育和花瓣发育。此外，TeAG1和TeAGL11-1的过表达导致拟南芥中的玫瑰花结叶卷曲和早花。这项研究提供了深入了解菊科中的AG亚科基因的分子机制，并为改善几种花卉性状提供了技术支持。拟南芥中异位表达的功能分析显示，TeAG1显示C功能，指定雄蕊身份和心皮身份，TeAGL11-1显示D功能，调节种子发育和花瓣发育。此外，TeAG1和TeAGL11-1的过表达导致拟南芥中的玫瑰花结叶卷曲和早花。这项研究提供了深入了解菊科中的AG亚科基因的分子机制，并为改善几种花卉性状提供了技术支持。拟南芥中异位表达的功能分析显示，TeAG1显示C功能，指定雄蕊身份和心皮身份，TeAGL11-1显示D功能，调节种子发育和花瓣发育。此外，TeAG1和TeAGL11-1的过表达导致拟南芥中的玫瑰花结叶卷曲和早花。这项研究提供了深入了解菊科中的AG亚科基因的分子机制，并为改善几种花卉性状提供了技术支持。