Creating two-dimensional (2D) geometry from nonlayered catalytic materials may significantly advance electrocatalyst design. The 2D morphology of three-dimensional lattices (2D nonlayered materials) offer large structural distortions, massive surface dangling bonds, and coordinated-unsaturated surface atoms, which can induce high surface chemical activity and promote the chemisorption of reactants and fast interfacial charge transfer, thereby enhancing the electrocatalytic performance. In this article, we review typical strategies for structural engineering and manipulation of electronic states to enable the unique electrocatalytic advantages of 2D nonlayered materials. An overview is presented on recent research advances in the development of 2D nonlayered materials for catalyzing the representative electrochemical reactions that are essential to energy and sustainability, including hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, oxygen reduction, and CO₂ reduction. For each type of redox reactions, their unique catalytic performance and underlying mechanism are discussed. Important achievements and key challenges are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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二维非分层电催化材料

由非分层催化材料创建二维（2D）几何形状可以大大提高电催化剂的设计。三维晶格（2D非层状材料）的2D形态可提供大的结构扭曲，大量的表面悬空键和配位的不饱和表面原子，从而可诱导高的表面化学活性并促进反应物的化学吸附和快速的界面电荷转移，从而增强电催化性能。在本文中，我们回顾了结构工程和电子态操纵的典型策略，以实现2D非分层材料的独特电催化优势。₂减少。对于每种类型的氧化还原反应，都讨论了其独特的催化性能和潜在机理。还讨论了重要成就和关键挑战。