HIV and tuberculosis (TB) are among the global deadliest diseases. Migrant populations are particularly vulnerable to these infections. Yet, literature is still scarce on the epidemiology of HIV–TB co-infection among migrants. In this study, we characterized native and migrant HIV patients followed in Portuguese hospitals, who were diagnosed with TB, regarding their sociodemographic, clinical, and genomic characteristics. Among 67 patients with HIV and TB diagnoses, there were 24 migrants, most from sub-Saharan Africa. Most patients had CD4+ T cell counts below 350 cells/μL, and were diagnosed simultaneously for HIV and TB. When compared to natives, migrants presented a higher proportion of non-B HIV-1 infections. Patients infected with these non-B HIV-1 strains presented higher viral loads, which can have an important impact for the transmissibility and pathogenicity of both diseases. Future studies should investigate different HIV strains and consequences for TB and HIV transmission and disease outcomes, especially among vulnerable populations.

中文翻译：

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葡萄牙移民中的 HIV 和结核病合并感染：对其社会人口学、临床和基因组特征的简要研究。

艾滋病毒和结核病 (TB) 是全球最致命的疾病之一。移民人口特别容易受到这些感染。然而，关于流动人口中 HIV-TB 合并感染流行病学的文献仍然很少。在这项研究中，我们对在葡萄牙医院随访的被诊断患有结核病的本地和移民 HIV 患者的社会人口学、临床和基因组特征进行了描述。在 67 名艾滋病毒和结核病诊断患者中，有 24 名移民，其中大部分来自撒哈拉以南非洲。大多数患者的 CD4+ T 细胞计数低于 350 个细胞/μL，并且同时被诊断为 HIV 和 TB。与当地人相比，移民呈现出更高比例的非 B HIV-1 感染。感染这些非 B HIV-1 毒株的患者呈现出更高的病毒载量，这可能对两种疾病的传播性和致病性产生重要影响。未来的研究应该调查不同的 HIV 毒株以及对 TB 和 HIV 传播和疾病结果的影响，特别是在脆弱人群中。