This review focuses on discussing key mechanisms in disease pathogenesis mediated by the protein post-translational modification citrullination. These processes are discussed in depth in the context of complex diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, central nervous system disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, a critical evaluation of challenges in laboratory detection of citrullination sites is also outlined. In this context, the role of mass spectrometry is discussed with a focus on contemporary techniques that offer promising options to detect the exact site of protein citrullination. Novel methods described in the paper have the potential to detect and quantify the occurrence of post-translational modification sites for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes with a high degree of specificity and sensitivity. Furthermore, they offer a much faster performance than traditional techniques making them ideal for large-scale experimentation.

中文翻译：

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通过质谱阐明瓜氨酸化及其在疾病发病机制中的作用。

本综述重点讨论蛋白质翻译后修饰瓜氨酸化介导的疾病发病机制的关键机制。这些过程在类风湿性关节炎、癌症、中枢神经系统疾病和心血管疾病等复杂疾病的背景下进行了深入讨论。此外，还概述了对瓜氨酸位点实验室检测挑战的关键评估。在这种情况下，讨论了质谱法的作用，重点是当代技术，这些技术为检测蛋白质瓜氨酸化的确切位点提供了有希望的选择。论文中描述的新方法有可能检测和量化翻译后修饰位点的发生，用于诊断和治疗目的，具有高度的特异性和敏感性。此外，