The Public Investment Fund (PIF), is Saudi Arabia's sovereign wealth fund. It is one of the world's largest sovereign wealth funds, with an estimated net capital of $382 billion. It was established to invest funds on behalf of the Government of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is aiming to transfer the PIF from a mere local authority to the world's largest sovereign fund. Thus, PIF is working to manage $400 billion worth of assets by 2020. It was with this Public Investment Fund that Saudi Arabia decided to buy out the football club- Newcastle United FC- a mid-table club of the premier league. In this paper, we aim to forecast the investment levels and the subsequent improve in the league position of Newcastle United FC using the model of another premier league club- Manchester City as the base. We employ the DiD approach of logistical regression through Python. Keywords: Regression, Investment, Football, Forecasting

中文翻译：

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足球与外部性：使用数学模型预测纽卡斯尔联队的命运变化

公共投资基金 (PIF) 是沙特阿拉伯的主权财富基金。它是世界上最大的主权财富基金之一，估计净资本为 3820 亿美元。它的成立是为了代表沙特阿拉伯政府投资资金。沙特阿拉伯的目标是将 PIF 从单纯的地方当局转移到世界上最大的主权基金。因此，PIF 正努力在 2020 年之前管理价值 4000 亿美元的资产。正是通过这个公共投资基金，沙特阿拉伯决定收购足球俱乐部纽卡斯尔联队，这是英超联赛的中档俱乐部。在本文中，我们旨在以另一家英超俱乐部曼城的模型为基础，预测纽卡斯尔联队的投资水平以及随后的联赛排名提升。我们通过 Python 采用逻辑回归的 DiD 方法。关键词：回归、投资、足球、预测