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Visual Sensory Cortices Causally Contribute to Auditory Word Recognition Following Sensorimotor-Enriched Vocabulary Training.
Cerebral Cortex ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-22 , DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa240
Brian Mathias 1, 2 , Leona Sureth 2 , Gesa Hartwigsen 3 , Manuela Macedonia 2, 4 , Katja M Mayer 5 , Katharina von Kriegstein 1, 2
Affiliation  

Abstract
Despite a rise in the use of “learning by doing” pedagogical methods in praxis, little is known as to how the brain benefits from these methods. Learning by doing strategies that utilize complementary information (“enrichment”) such as gestures have been shown to optimize learning outcomes in several domains including foreign language (L2) training. Here we tested the hypothesis that behavioral benefits of gesture-based enrichment are critically supported by integrity of the biological motion visual cortices (bmSTS). Prior functional neuroimaging work has implicated the visual motion cortices in L2 translation following sensorimotor-enriched training; the current study is the first to investigate the causal relevance of these structures in learning by doing contexts. Using neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation and a gesture-enriched L2 vocabulary learning paradigm, we found that the bmSTS causally contributed to behavioral benefits of gesture-enriched learning. Visual motion cortex integrity benefitted both short- and long-term learning outcomes, as well as the learning of concrete and abstract words. These results adjudicate between opposing predictions of two neuroscientific learning theories: While reactivation-based theories predict no functional role of specialized sensory cortices in vocabulary learning outcomes, the current study supports the predictive coding theory view that these cortices precipitate sensorimotor-based learning benefits.


中文翻译:

在感觉运动丰富的词汇训练之后,视觉感觉皮层对听觉单词识别有因果关系。

摘要
尽管在实践中“边做边学”教学方法的使用有所增加,但人们对大脑如何从这些方法中受益却知之甚少。实践证明,利用手势等补充信息(“丰富”)的策略可以优化包括外语(L2)培训在内的多个领域的学习成果。在这里,我们测试了这样一个假设,即基于手势的富集的行为益处受到生物运动视觉皮层 (bmSTS) 完整性的严格支持。先前的功能性神经影像学工作已将视觉运动皮层与感觉运动强化训练后的 L2 翻译有关。目前的研究首次调查了这些结构在边做边学中的因果关系。使用神经导航经颅磁刺激和手势丰富的 L2 词汇学习范式,我们发现 bmSTS 对手势丰富学习的行为益处有因果关系。视觉运动皮层的完整性有利于短期和长期的学习成果,以及具体和抽象单词的学习。这些结果判断了两种神经科学学习理论的相反预测:虽然基于再激活的理论预测专门的感觉皮层在词汇学习结果中没有功能作用,但目前的研究支持预测编码理论的观点,即这些皮层会促进基于感觉运动的学习益处。视觉运动皮层的完整性有利于短期和长期的学习成果,以及具体和抽象单词的学习。这些结果判断了两种神经科学学习理论的相反预测:虽然基于再激活的理论预测专门的感觉皮层在词汇学习结果中没有功能作用,但目前的研究支持预测编码理论的观点,即这些皮层会促进基于感觉运动的学习益处。视觉运动皮层的完整性有利于短期和长期的学习成果,以及具体和抽象单词的学习。这些结果判断了两种神经科学学习理论的相反预测:虽然基于再激活的理论预测专门的感觉皮层在词汇学习结果中没有功能作用,但目前的研究支持预测编码理论的观点,即这些皮层会促进基于感觉运动的学习益处。
更新日期:2020-12-10
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