The joint use of spaceborne microwave sensor data and Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) data to observe tropical cyclones (TCs) is presented in this paper. The Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) radiometer was taken as an example of a spaceborne microwave sensor, and its data and the CYGNSS data were fused to fix the center of a TC and to measure the maximum wind speed around the TC inner core. This process included data preprocessing, image fusion, determination of the TC center position, and the estimation of the TC’s intensity. For all of the observed hurricanes, the experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method obtains a more complete structure of the TC and can measure the surface wind speed around the TC inner core at more frequent intervals compared to the case where the SMAP radiometer data or the CYGNSS data are employed alone. Furthermore, when comparing the TC tracks obtained by the proposed method with the best tracks provided by the National Hurricane Center (NHC), we found that the mean absolute error values ranged between 18.4 and 46 km, the standard deviation varied between 15.1 and 28.2 km, and both of these were smaller than the values obtained by only using the CYGNSS data. In addition, when comparing the maximum wind speed around the TC inner core obtained by the proposed method with the best track peak winds estimated by the NHC, we found that the mean absolute error values ranged between 7.7 and 15.7 m/s, the root-mean-square difference values varied between 8.6 and 18 m/s, the correlation coefficients varied between 0.1782 and 0.9877, the bias values varied between −8.5 and 4.5 m/s, and all of these values were smaller in most cases, than those obtained by only using the CYGNSS data.

中文翻译：

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联合使用星载微波传感器数据和CYGNSS数据观测热带气旋

本文提出了将星载微波传感器数据和旋风全球导航卫星系统（CYGNSS）数据联合用于观测热带气旋（TC）的方法。以土壤水分主动和被动（SMAP）辐射计为例，它是一个星载微波传感器，将其数据和CYGNSS数据融合在一起以固定TC的中心并测量TC内芯周围的最大风速。该过程包括数据预处理，图像融合，确定TC中心位置以及估算TC强度。对于所有观察到的飓风，实验结果表明，与单独使用SMAP辐射计数据或CYGNSS数据的情况相比，该方法可获得更完整的TC结构，并且可以更频繁地测量TC内核周围的表面风速。此外，将本方法获得的TC轨迹与国家飓风中心（NHC）提供的最佳轨迹进行比较时，我们发现平均绝对误差值在18.4至46 km之间，标准偏差在15.1至28.2 km之间变化，这两个值均小于仅使用CYGNSS数据获得的值。此外，将本方法获得的TC内芯周围的最大风速与NHC估算的最佳轨道峰值风速进行比较时，