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Weather Influences Multiple Components of Greater Prairie‐Chicken Reproduction
Journal of Wildlife Management ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-23 , DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21957
David W. Londe 1 , R. Dwayne Elmore 1 , Craig A. Davis 1 , Samuel D. Fuhlendorf 1 , Torre J. Hovick 2 , Barney Luttbeg 3 , Jimmy Rutledge 4
Affiliation  

The influence of weather on wildlife populations has been documented for many species; however, much of the current literature has focused on the effects of weather within a season and consists of short‐term studies. The use of long‐term datasets that cover a variety of environmental conditions will be essential for assessing possible carry‐over effects of weather experienced in one season on behavior and fitness in subsequent seasons. In this study, we evaluated the effects of weather variables measured over multiple temporal scales on the reproductive performance and behavior of greater prairie‐chickens (Tympanuchus cupido) in Osage County, Oklahoma, USA, from 2011–2019. Considering weather over a range of temporal extents allowed us to determine the relative importance of short‐term weather events, such as daily temperature and precipitation, versus more chronic shifts in weather such as persistent drought on the reproductive performance of greater prairie‐chickens. We used an information‐theoretic model building approach to develop models describing the effects of daily weather variables and drought conditions on daily nest survival, nest incubation start dates, and clutch size. Daily nest survival was primarily influenced by conditions experienced during incubation with daily nest success declining in years with wetter than average springs and during extreme precipitation events. Daily nest survival also declined under higher maximum daily temperatures, especially in years with below‐average rainfall. Greater prairie‐chickens began nesting earlier and had smaller clutch sizes for initial nests and renests in years with warmer temperatures prior to the nesting season. Additionally, incubation of nests started later in drought years, indicating carry‐over effects in greater prairie‐chicken reproductive behaviors. Our work shows that if the weather in the Great Plains becomes more variable, with increasing frequency of drought and extreme precipitation events, wildlife species that inhabit these grassland landscapes will likely experience changes in reproduction, potentially influencing future populations. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.

中文翻译:

天气影响大草原鸡繁殖的多个因素

天气已经记录了许多物种对野生动植物种群的影响。但是,当前的许多文献都集中在一个季节内的天气影响上,并且包括短期研究。使用涵盖各种环境条件的长期数据集对于评估一个季节中的天气可能对后续季节的行为和适应性的可能结转影响至关重要。在这项研究中,我们评估了在多个时间尺度上测得的天气变量对更大的草原土鸡(Tympanuchus cupido)的繁殖性能和行为的影响),从2011年至2019年在美国俄克拉荷马州的欧塞奇县。考虑到一定时间范围内的天气,我们可以确定短期天气事件(如每日温度和降水)的相对重要性,而不是天气的更多慢性变化(如持续干旱对更大的草原鸡的繁殖性能)的相对重要性。我们使用信息理论模型构建方法来开发模型,以描述每日天气变量和干旱条件对每日巢生存,巢孵化开始日期和离合器大小的影响。日常巢的生存主要受到孵化过程中所经历的条件的影响,在春季多于平均春季以及极端降水事件的影响下,每日巢的成功率逐年下降。在更高的每日最高温度下,每日的巢生存也下降了,特别是在降雨量低于平均水平的年份。较大的草原鸡开始筑巢的时间较早,而在筑巢季节开始之前的温度较高的年份中,初始筑巢和饲养的鸡的离合器尺寸较小。此外,在干旱年份晚些时候开始孵化巢穴,这表明了更大的草原鸡繁殖行为的残留效应。我们的工作表明,如果大平原地区的天气变得更加多变,干旱和极端降水事件的发生频率越来越高,居住在这些草原地貌上的野生动植物物种可能会经历繁殖变化,从而可能影响未来的种群。©2020野生动物协会。较大的草原鸡开始筑巢的时间较早,而在筑巢季节开始之前的温度较高的年份中,初始筑巢和饲养的鸡的离合器尺寸较小。此外,在干旱年份晚些时候开始孵化巢穴,这表明了更大的草原鸡繁殖行为的残留效应。我们的工作表明,如果大平原地区的天气变得更加多变,干旱和极端降水事件的发生频率越来越高,居住在这些草原地貌上的野生动植物物种可能会经历繁殖变化,从而可能影响未来的种群。©2020野生动物协会。较大的草原鸡开始筑巢的时间较早,而在筑巢季节开始之前的温度较高的年份中,初始筑巢和饲养的鸡的离合器尺寸较小。此外,在干旱年份晚些时候开始孵化巢穴,这表明了更大的草原鸡繁殖行为的残留效应。我们的工作表明,如果大平原地区的天气变得更加多变,干旱和极端降水事件的发生频率越来越高,居住在这些草原地貌上的野生动植物物种可能会经历繁殖变化,从而可能影响未来的种群。©2020野生动物协会。我们的工作表明,如果大平原地区的天气变得更加多变,干旱和极端降水事件的发生频率越来越高,居住在这些草原地貌上的野生动植物物种可能会经历繁殖变化,从而可能影响未来的种群。©2020野生动物协会。我们的工作表明,如果大平原地区的天气变得更加多变,干旱和极端降水事件的发生频率越来越高,居住在这些草原地貌上的野生动植物物种可能会经历繁殖变化,从而可能影响未来的种群。©2020野生动物协会。
更新日期:2020-09-23
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