Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is an important transporter of solutes and fresh water in coastal systems worldwide. In high island systems with a mixed semidiurnal tidal cycle driving SGD, coastal biogeochemistry is temporally and spatially variable. Past studies have shown that SGD covaries with the local species composition, diversity, and richness of biological communities on a scale of meters. Empirical orthogonal function analyses (EOF)—a method analogous to principal components analysis which finds spatial patterns of variability and their time variation period—were used to define both the spatial and temporal variation in SGD using spatially resolved time series of salinity. The first two EOFs represented variability at the tidal 12‐h period and the daily 24‐h period, respectively, and were responsible for more than 50% of the SGD‐derived salinity variability. We used the first two EOFs to explore spatiotemporally explicit patterns in SGD variability and their relationships with benthic community structure in reef systems. Distance‐based linear models found significant relationships between multivariate community structure and variability in SGD at different periods. Taxa‐specific logistic regressions showed that zoanthids and turf are more likely to be present in areas with high tidally driven SGD variability, while the inverse relationship is true for the invasive rhodophyte Acanthophora spicifera, calcifying macroalgae, the native rhodophyte Pterocladiella sp., the cyanobacteria Lyngbya sp., and the invasive chlorophyte Avrainvillea amadelpha. These results show that benthic communities vary with respect to SGD derived salinity at the scale of hundreds of meters resulting in spatially heterogeneous biotic patches.

中文翻译：

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珊瑚礁底栖生物群落结构与海底地下水排放化学时空动态相关

海底地下水排放（SGD）是全球沿海系统中溶质和淡水的重要运输者。在驱动SGD的混合半日潮周期的高岛系统中，沿海生物地球化学在时间和空间上是可变的。过去的研究表明，SGD与米的局部物种组成，多样性和生物群落的丰富度共变。经验正交函数分析（EOF）是一种类似于主成分分析的方法，该方法可以找到可变性及其时间变化周期的空间模式，用于通过盐分的空间解析时间序列来定义SGD的空间和时间变化。前两个EOF分别代表潮汐12小时和每日24小时的变异性，并导致超过50％的SGD盐度变化。我们使用前两个EOF来探索SGD变异的时空显式模式及其与珊瑚礁系统底栖群落结构的关系。基于距离的线性模型发现，在不同时期，多元群落结构与SGD变异之间存在显着的关系。特定分类群的逻辑回归表明，潮汐驱动的SGD变异性较高的区域中更容易出现虫类动物和草皮，而侵入性红景天则成反比 基于距离的线性模型发现，在不同时期，多元群落结构与SGD变异之间存在显着的关系。特定分类群的逻辑回归表明，潮汐驱动的SGD变异性较高的区域中更容易出现虫类动物和草皮，而侵入性红景天则成反比 基于距离的线性模型发现，在不同时期，多元群落结构与SGD变异之间存在显着的关系。特定分类群的逻辑回归表明，潮汐驱动的SGD变异性较高的区域中更容易出现虫类动物和草皮，而侵入性红景天则成反比Acanthophora spicifera，钙化大型藻类，天然红藻Pterocladiella sp。，蓝细菌Lyngbya sp。和入侵性绿藻Avrainvillea amadelpha。这些结果表明，底栖生物群落相对于SGD衍生的盐度在几百米的范围内变化，从而导致空间上异质的生物斑块。