PREMISE The importance of chloroplast movement for plant growth in constant, controlled light and of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) in variable, natural light are known. Here we concurrently investigated growth and reproduction of several Arabidopsis thaliana mutants to assess the relative importance of photoprotection via chloroplast movement and NPQ. METHODS Plants were grown outdoors (natural conditions) or in a growth chamber with variable light and chilling temperatures (controlled conditions). Phenotypic growth and reproductive variables were determined at set times before maturity in wild-type (WT) and phot1, phot2, phot1phot2 (e.g., impaired chloroplast movement, stomatal conductance, leaf flattening), chup1 (impaired chloroplast movement), and npq1 (reduced NPQ) plants. RESULTS Mutants were most adversely affected in natural conditions, with phot1phot2 and chup1 most severely impacted. These mutants bolted later and produced fewer leaves and siliques, less leaf biomass, and fewer secondary inflorescences than WT. In controlled conditions, leaf traits of these mutants were unaffected, but phot1phot2 bolted later and produced fewer secondary inflorescences and siliques than WT. For most variables, there were significant interactions between growth conditions and plant genotype. Many variables were correlated, but those relationships changed with growth conditions and genotype. CONCLUSIONS Phenotypic variables at the time of the harvest were strongly affected by growth conditions and genotype. In natural conditions, phot1phot2 and chup1 mutants were most adversely affected, demonstrating the importance of chloroplast movement. In controlled conditions, only phot1phot2 was consistently affected, also emphasizing the important, pleiotropic effects of phototropins. In both conditions, NPQ was less important.

中文翻译：

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叶绿体运动受损会降低拟南芥在自然和受控条件下的生长并延迟其繁殖

前提 叶绿体运动对植物在恒定、受控光下生长的重要性以及在可变自然光下的非光化学淬灭 (NPQ) 的重要性是众所周知的。在这里，我们同时研究了几种拟南芥突变体的生长和繁殖，以评估通过叶绿体运动和 NPQ 进行光保护的相对重要性。方法 植物在室外（自然条件）或具有可变光照和冷却温度（受控条件）的生长室中生长。在野生型 (WT) 和 phot1、phot2、phot1pht2（例如，叶绿体运动受损、气孔导度、叶片变平）、chup1（叶绿体运动受损）和 npq1（减少NPQ) 植物。结果 突变体在自然条件下受到的不利影响最大，phot1pht2 和 chup1 受到的影响最严重。这些突变体抽薹较晚，与 WT 相比，叶片和长角果较少，叶片生物量较少，次生花序较少。在受控条件下，这些突变体的叶性状不受影响，但 phot1pht2 抽薹较晚，产生的次生花序和长角果比 WT 少。对于大多数变量，生长条件和植物基因型之间存在显着的相互作用。许多变量是相关的，但这些关系会随着生长条件和基因型而改变。结论 收获时的表型变量受生长条件和基因型的强烈影响。在自然条件下， phot1pht2 和 chup1 突变体受到的影响最大，这表明叶绿体运动的重要性。在受控条件下，只有 phot1phot2 始终受到影响，这也强调了 phototropins 的重要的多效作用。在这两种情况下，NPQ 都不那么重要。