Abstract This study conducted a validation for the lattice Boltzmann method-based large-eddy simulation (LBM-LES) applied to flow around a single 1:1:2 building. The flow structures and distribution of time-averaged velocity and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), particularly at pedestrian height, were examined against data obtained by an experiment and finite volume method-based LES (FVM-LES), in addition to checking the grid independence and solution accuracy of LBM-LES. Results of validation metrics showed that the grid resolution of b / 16 and b / 32 ( b : building’s width) achieved similar simulation accuracy and satisfied the acceptance range. However, b / 32 gave better reattachment lengths. Furthermore, low accuracies of the velocity and TKE was observed in several areas while using b / 16 , such as above the roof, around the strong wind area near the sidewall, and in the wake flow area at the pedestrian height. LBM-LES generally showed similar fluctuating velocity characteristics as FVM-LES, including power spectra, and probability densities. However, numerical oscillations probably occurred above the building on the windward side. This study showed that LBM-LES could obtain accurate results for both time-averaged and fluctuating velocities. Moreover, at least b / 32 is recommended while simulating pedestrian wind or the reverse flow structures, even though b / 16 can obtain satisfactory validation metrics.

中文翻译：

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基于格子 Boltzmann 方法的大涡模拟应用于单个 1:1:2 建筑模型周围风流的验证

摘要 本研究对基于格子 Boltzmann 方法的大涡模拟 (LBM-LES) 进行了验证，该模拟应用于单个 1:1:2 建筑物周围的流动。除了检查网格外，还根据实验和基于有限体积法的 LES (FVM-LES) 获得的数据检查了时均速度和湍流动能 (TKE) 的流动结构和分布，特别是在行人高度LBM-LES 的独立性和求解精度。验证指标的结果表明，b / 16 和b / 32（ b ：建筑物的宽度）的网格分辨率达到了相似的模拟精度并满足可接受范围。然而，b / 32 提供了更好的再附着长度。此外，在使用 b / 16 时，在几个区域观察到速度和 TKE 的精度较低，例如屋顶上方，在靠近侧壁的强风区域周围，以及在行人高度处的尾流区域。LBM-LES 通常表现出与 FVM-LES 相似的波动速度特性，包括功率谱和概率密度。然而，数值振荡可能发生在迎风侧的建筑物上方。该研究表明，LBM-LES 可以获得准确的时间平均速度和波动速度结果。此外，在模拟行人风或逆流结构时，建议至少使用 b / 32，即使 b / 16 可以获得令人满意的验证指标。数值振荡可能发生在迎风侧的建筑物上方。该研究表明，LBM-LES 可以获得准确的时间平均速度和波动速度结果。此外，在模拟行人风或逆流结构时，建议至少使用 b / 32，即使 b / 16 可以获得令人满意的验证指标。数值振荡可能发生在迎风侧的建筑物上方。该研究表明，LBM-LES 可以获得准确的时间平均速度和波动速度结果。此外，在模拟行人风或逆流结构时，建议至少使用 b / 32，即使 b / 16 可以获得令人满意的验证指标。