Abstract Several studies have shown that irrigation is essential for global agricultural development. However, water is a limited resource and should be used as efficiently as possible, which requires appropriate management. As such, the search for irrigation techniques that are more efficient in terms of water use, such as subsurface drip irrigation, is ongoing. Subsurface drip irrigation systems are highly efficient and can serve as suitable alternatives for the rational management of water. However, these systems also have limitations; specifically, variation in flow rate can occur depending on the soil characteristics. Subsurface drip irrigation systems covered by only a thin soil layer have been used, especially in irrigated coffee crops in Brazil; however, most related studies have investigated the variation in the flow rate at relatively great soil depths. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate two emitters buried at a depth of 5 cm to determine the variation in the flow rate within four different soil types, and assess the wet-bulb. The evaluated soil types were classified as a sandy loam, silty loam, clay loam or clay, and the two emitters evaluated included a pressure-compensating drip emitter (PC) and a non-pressure-compensating model (NPC). With respect to the PC emitter, a flow rate reduction was detected only in the clay loam soil, but with respect to the NPC emitter, a reduction in the flow rate was detected in a sandy loam and clay loam. The flow rate varied even at shallow depths for some soils, and the soil type and emitter flow rate affected this variation, as well as the water distribution in the wet-bulb. Thus, this variation should be considered even for systems installed at shallow depths.

中文翻译：

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不同土壤类型地下灌溉系统中滴灌器流量的变化

摘要 多项研究表明，灌溉对全球农业发展至关重要。然而，水是一种有限的资源，应尽可能有效地使用，这需要适当的管理。因此，正在寻找在用水方面更有效的灌溉技术，例如地下滴灌。地下滴灌系统效率很高，可以作为合理管理水的合适替代方案。然而，这些系统也有局限性；具体而言，根据土壤特性，流速可能会发生变化。地下滴灌系统只被薄土层覆盖，特别是在巴西的灌溉咖啡作物中；然而，大多数相关研究调查了相对较大土壤深度处流速的变化。因此，本研究的目的是评估埋在 5 厘米深处的两个发射器，以确定四种不同土壤类型内流速的变化，并评估湿球。评估的土壤类型分为砂质壤土、粉质壤土、粘壤土或粘土，评估的两种滴灌器包括压力补偿滴灌器 (PC) 和非压力补偿模型 (NPC)。对于 PC 发射器，仅在粘壤土中检测到流速降低，但对于 NPC 发射器，在砂质壤土和粘壤土中检测到流速降低。对于某些土壤，即使在较浅的深度，流速也会发生变化，并且土壤类型和排放器流速会影响这种变化，以及湿球中的水分分布。因此，即使对于安装在较浅深度的系统，也应考虑这种变化。