Lipoxygenases are found in animals, plants, and fungi, where they are involved in a wide range of cell-to-cell signaling processes. The presence of lipoxygenases in a number of bacteria and protozoa has been also established, but their biological significance remains poorly understood. Several hypothetical functions of lipoxygenases in bacteria and protozoa have been suggested without experimental validation. The objective of our study was evaluating the functions of bacterial and protozoan lipoxygenases by evolutionary and taxonomic analysis using bioinformatics tools. Lipoxygenase sequences were identified and examined using BLAST, followed by analysis of constructed phylogenetic trees and networks. Our results support the theory on the involvement of lipoxygenases in the formation of multicellular structures by microorganisms and their possible evolutionary significance in the emergence of multicellularity. Furthermore, we observed association of lipoxygenases with the suppression of host immune response by parasitic and symbiotic bacteria including dangerous opportunistic pathogens.

中文翻译：

---

细菌和原生动物脂肪氧化酶可能参与细胞间信号传导和免疫反应抑制

脂肪氧化酶存在于动物、植物和真菌中，它们参与广泛的细胞间信号传递过程。脂肪氧化酶在许多细菌和原生动物中的存在也已被证实，但它们的生物学意义仍然知之甚少。在没有实验验证的情况下，已经提出了细菌和原生动物中脂肪氧化酶的几种假设功能。我们研究的目的是使用生物信息学工具通过进化和分类学分析来评估细菌和原生动物脂肪氧化酶的功能。使用 BLAST 鉴定和检查脂肪氧化酶序列，然后分析构建的系统发育树和网络。我们的结果支持脂肪氧化酶参与微生物形成多细胞结构的理论及其在多细胞出现中可能的进化意义。此外，我们观察到脂氧合酶与寄生和共生细菌（包括危险的机会性病原体）对宿主免疫反应的抑制有关。