A challenge in the representation of preferences for government stakeholders is the valuation of benefits. In for‐profit companies, benefits are typically calculated as the company's revenue, with centuries of literature supporting different estimations for the benefit of revenue. Government stakeholders are much more difficult to develop value models for because of the lack of benefit‐side valuation research. In its pursuit of understanding the theory of systems engineering, the NASA Systems Engineering Research Consortium has examined value models as mathematical representations of preferences, with a focus on NASA‐related stakeholders. This article leverages the Consortium work and develops an outline for a NASA stakeholder value model, based on NASA documentation, with key benefit attributes of knowledge, prestige, and the avoidance of catastrophes. The attribute of knowledge is specifically explored in this article. Knowledge‐related evidence from previous NASA missions are collected and analyzed. A discussion describes how such knowledge‐related evidence can be used to inform the systems engineer on preliminary, evidence‐based attribute and value relationships useful in value model formation. Future research avenues for knowledge‐focused benefits for value models are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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NASA利益相关者价值模型的知识表示

代表政府利益相关者的偏好方面的挑战是收益的评估。在营利性公司中，收益通常以公司的收入来计算，已有数百年的文献支持对收益的不同估计。由于缺乏利益方面的估值研究，政府利益相关者更难开发价值模型。为了追求对系统工程理论的理解，NASA系统工程研究协会研究了价值模型，作为偏好的数学表示形式，重点关注与NASA相关的利益相关者。本文利用联盟的工作成果，并根据NASA文档为NASA利益相关者价值模型制定了大纲，并提供了知识，声誉，以及避免灾难。本文专门探讨知识的属性。收集并分析了先前NASA任务中与知识相关的证据。讨论描述了如何使用这种与知识相关的证据向系统工程师提供有关在价值模型形成中有用的初步，基于证据的属性和价值关系的信息。还讨论了价值模型以知识为中心的收益的未来研究途径。