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Engaging ‘the crowd’ in remote sensing to learn about habitat affinity of the Weddell seal in Antarctica
Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-16 , DOI: 10.1002/rse2.124
Michelle A. LaRue 1, 2 , David G. Ainley 3 , Jean Pennycook 3 , Kostas Stamatiou 4 , Leo Salas 5 , Nadav Nur 5 , Sharon Stammerjohn 6 , Luke Barrington 7
Affiliation  

Satellites Over Seals (SOS), a project initiated in late 2016, is a crowdsourced method to determine factors behind the presence/absence patterns and to ultimately determine the global population of the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii). An iconic species, the Weddell seal is proposed to be part of the Antarctic Research and Monitoring Program required in the newly designated Ross Sea Region Marine Protected Area. This species is easy to detect via satellite imagery, due to its large size (3–4 m long, 1 m wide) and its dark color contrasting with the Antarctic coastal fast ice, where it aggregates on during breeding season. Using very high‐resolution satellite imagery (VHR; 0.31–0.60 m resolution) and the online platform Tomnod, we used VHR images from November 2010 and 2011 to cover the entirety of available fast ice around Antarctica. Before correcting for time of day or date, we searched for the presence/absence to identify a subset of where abundance estimates should be concentrated. More than 325 000 citizen scientists searched 790 VHR images, covering 268 611 km2 of fast ice, to determine the locations of seals. Algorithms ranked searchers to the degree their votes corresponded with others, a measure of searcher relative quality that we used to filter out unreliable searchers. Seal presence was detected on only 0.55% of available maps (total n = 1 116 058) within fast ice, revealing a sparse, irregular distribution. The rate of false‐negative detections was 1.7%, though false positives were high (67%), highlighting the importance of training for image interpretation to ensure differentiation between seals and landscape features (such as large rocks, ice chunks or depressions/holes in the ice). This approach not only allowed us to assess image resolution and quality, but also training, outreach and the effectiveness of this platform for introducing citizen scientists to the ecology of the Southern Ocean.

中文翻译:

让“人群”参与遥感以了解南极威德尔海豹的栖息地亲和力

封印卫星(SOS)是一项于2016年底启动的项目,是一种众包方法,可确定存在/不存在模式背后的因素,并最终确定Weddell印章(Leptonychotes weddellii)。提议将Weddell印章作为标志性物种,作为新指定的罗斯海区海洋保护区所需的南极研究和监测计划的一部分。由于该物种大(3–4 m长,1 m宽)并且其颜色与南极沿海快冰形成对比,因此很容易通过卫星图像进行检测,南极沿海快冰在繁殖季节聚集。通过使用超高分辨率卫星图像(VHR; 0.31-0.60 m分辨率)和在线平台Tomnod,我们使用了2010年11月和2011年的VHR图像来覆盖南极洲周围的所有可用快速冰。在校正一天中的日期或日期之前,我们搜索是否存在以标识应该将丰度估计值集中在哪里的子集。超过325 000名公民科学家搜索了790个VHR图像,覆盖268 611 km2快速冰块,确定密封的位置。算法将搜索者的投票评级为与其他人的投票相符,这是我们用来过滤不可靠搜索者的一种搜索者相对质量的度量。仅在可用地图的0.55%(总n = 1116058)在快速冰中,显示出稀疏,不规则的分布。假阴性的检出率为1.7%,尽管假阳性的比率很高(67%),这突出说明了进行图像解释训练的重要性,以确保区分海豹和地形特征(例如大块岩石,冰块或凹陷/洞)。冰块)。这种方法不仅使我们能够评估图像的分辨率和质量,还使我们能够进行培训,推广以及该平台将公民科学家介绍给南大洋生态的有效性。
更新日期:2019-08-16
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