We discuss the possible links between the fossil record of marine biodiversity, nutrient availability and primary productivity. The parallelism of the fossil records of marine phytoplankton and faunal biodiversity implicates the quantity (primary productivity) and quality (stoichiometry) of phytoplankton as being critical to the diversification of the marine biosphere through the Phanerozoic. The relatively subdued marine biodiversity of the Palaeozoic corresponds to a time of relatively low macronutrient availability and poor food quality of the phytoplankton as opposed to the diversification of the Modern Fauna through the Mesozoic–Cenozoic. Increasing nutrient runoff to the oceans through the Phanerozoic resulted from orogeny, the emplacement of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), the evolution of deep‐rooting forests and the appearance of more easily decomposable terrestrial organic matter that enhanced weathering. Positive feedback by bioturbation of an expanding benthos played a critical role in evolving biogeochemical cycles by linking the oxidation of dead organic matter and the recycling of nutrients back to the water column where they could be re‐utilized. We assess our conclusions against a recently published biogeochemical model for geological time‐scales. Major peaks of marine diversity often occur near rising or peak fluxes of silica, phosphorus and dissolved reactive oceanic phosphorus; either major or minor ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr peaks; and frequently in the vicinity of major (Circum‐Atlantic Magmatic Province) and minor volcanic events, some of which are associated with Oceanic Anoxic Events. These processes appear to be scale‐dependent in that they lie on a continuum between biodiversification on macroevolutionary scales of geological time and mass extinction.

中文翻译：

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浮游植物的进化促进了海洋生物圈的多样化吗？

我们讨论了海洋生物化石记录，养分可获得性和初级生产力之间的可能联系。海洋浮游植物和动植物生物多样性的化石记录的平行性暗示着浮游植物的数量（初级生产力）和质量（化学计量）对于通过生代古生物对海洋生物圈的多样化至关重要。古生代相对较弱的海洋生物多样性对应于浮游植物的宏观营养素可利用性相对较低和食物质量较差的时期，而不是通过中生代-新生代使现代动物区系多样化。造山运动，大火成岩省（LIPs）的进入导致了通过古生代进入海洋的养分径流增加，根深蒂固的森林的演变以及更易分解的陆地有机物的出现，增强了风化作用。不断膨胀的底栖生物的生物扰动产生的积极反馈通过将死有机物质的氧化和养分的循环再利用返回水柱，从而可以重新利用它们，从而在不断演变的生物地球化学循环中发挥了关键作用。我们根据最近发布的地质时标生物地球化学模型评估我们的结论。海洋生物多样性的主要高峰通常出现在二氧化硅，磷和溶解性海洋磷的上升或峰值通量附近；大或小 不断膨胀的底栖生物的生物扰动产生的积极反馈通过将死有机物质的氧化和养分的循环再利用返回水柱，从而可以重新利用它们，从而在不断演变的生物地球化学循环中发挥了关键作用。我们根据最近发布的地质时标生物地球化学模型评估我们的结论。海洋生物多样性的主要高峰通常出现在二氧化硅，磷和溶解性海洋磷的上升或峰值通量附近；大或小 不断膨胀的底栖生物的生物扰动产生的积极反馈通过将死有机物质的氧化和养分的循环再利用返回水柱，从而可以重新利用它们，从而在不断演变的生物地球化学循环中发挥了关键作用。我们根据最近发布的地质时标生物地球化学模型评估我们的结论。海洋生物多样性的主要高峰通常出现在二氧化硅，磷和溶解性海洋磷的上升或峰值通量附近；大或小 磷和溶解性反应性海洋磷；大或小 磷和溶解性反应性海洋磷；大或小峰值⁸⁷ Sr / ⁸⁶ Sr; 并经常在主要（环大西洋-岩浆省）和次要火山事件附近发生，其中一些与海洋缺氧事件有关。这些过程似乎是规模依赖的，因为它们位于地质时间和物种灭绝的宏观进化尺度上的生物多样化之间的连续性上。